Ecogeographic patterns in fetal limb proportions
| Autor: | Theodore M. Cole, Michael W. Warren, Trenton W. Holliday, Erin B. Waxenbaum, John E. Byrd |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0106 biological sciences Ontogeny Climatic adaptation Population Adaptation Biological Black People Biology 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Bone and Bones White People Anthropology Physical Upper Extremity Fetus Humans 0601 history and archaeology education Analysis of covariance education.field_of_study Phenotypic plasticity 060101 anthropology Body proportions Anthropometry Geography 06 humanities and the arts Trunk Lower Extremity Anthropology Female Allometry Anatomy Demography |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 169:93-103 |
| ISSN: | 1096-8644 0002-9483 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/ajpa.23814 |
| Popis: | Objectives Humans generally comply with the ecological rule of Allen (1877), with populations from tropical environments exhibiting body proportions in which limb segments are long relative to trunk height compared to temperate groups. This study tests whether ecogeographic differences in intralimb proportions are identifiable among two modern fetal samples of differing ancestry. Materials and methods Data are derived from radiographic measurements of long bone diaphyseal length and crown-heel length (CHL) of contemporary, spontaneously aborted fetuses of African Americans ("black") of assumed African (tropical) ancestry and European Americans ("white") of assumed European (temperate) ancestry (n = 184). Population individual limb elements, brachial, and crural indices are compared via analyses of covariance (ANCOVA). Potential patterns of divergent allometric growth are quantified through principal components analysis (PCA). Results African ancestral distal limb elements were consistently, albeit slightly, longer than those of European ancestry, relative to CHL. None of the ANCOVA interactions with ancestry are statistically significant for limb indices. The radius was the only single element that displayed a statistically significant ancestry effect (p = 0.0435) equating to a 1 mm difference. PCA highlights that upper limbs demonstrate negative allometry and lower limbs demonstrate positive allometry with sample-specific multivariate growth patterns being nearly identical. Differences in growth allometry late in gestation make little contribution to observed differences in adult limb proportions. Discussion No statistically significant ecogeographic patterns were appreciated among intralimb proportions between these groups during the fetal period. This study contributes to a greater appreciation of phenotypic plasticity, ecogeographic variation in ontogeny, and the evolution of modern human diversity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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