Biochemically altered myelin triggers autoimmune demyelination
| Autor: | Shigeki Tsutsui, Andrew V. Caprariello, Vahid Hoghooghi, Megan L. Morgan, Jason R. Plemel, Adam Koebel, James A. Rogers, Peter K. Stys, Jeff F. Dunn, Shalina S. Ousman, Lakshmi P. Kotra, V. Wee Yong |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Multiple Sclerosis Hydrolases Central nervous system Hashimoto Disease Pathogenesis Cuprizone Mice 03 medical and health sciences Myelin 0302 clinical medicine Immune system medicine Animals Humans Myelin Sheath Inflammation Autoimmune encephalitis Myelinopathy Multidisciplinary business.industry Multiple sclerosis Citrullination Biological Sciences medicine.disease Mice Inbred C57BL Disease Models Animal 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure nervous system Immunology Encephalitis business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Demyelinating Diseases |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115:5528-5533 |
| ISSN: | 1091-6490 0027-8424 |
| Popis: | Although immune attack against central nervous system (CNS) myelin is a central feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), its root cause is unresolved. In this report, we provide direct evidence that subtle biochemical modifications to brain myelin elicit pathological immune responses with radiological and histological properties similar to MS lesions. A subtle myelinopathy induced by abbreviated cuprizone treatment, coupled with subsequent immune stimulation, resulted in lesions of inflammatory demyelination. The degree of myelin injury dictated the resulting immune response; biochemical damage that was too limited or too extensive failed to trigger overt pathology. An inhibitor of peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs), enzymes that alter myelin structure and correlate with MS lesion severity, mitigated pathology even when administered only during the myelin-altering phase. Moreover, cultured splenocytes were reactive against donor myelin isolates, a response that was substantially muted when splenocytes were exposed to myelin from donors treated with PAD inhibitors. By showing that a primary biochemical myelinopathy can trigger secondary pathological inflammation, "cuprizone autoimmune encephalitis" potentially reconciles conflicting theories about MS pathogenesis and provides a strong rationale for investigating myelin as a primary target for early, preventative therapy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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