Limited duration of vaccine poliovirus and other enterovirus excretion among human immunodeficiency virus infected children in Kenya
Autor: | M. Steven Oberste, Olen M. Kew, Ernest P. Makokha, Rita F. Helfand, Joseph Muli, Ashley Fowlkes, Mark A. Pallansch, Peter M. Tukei, Nino Khetsuriani, Howard E. Gary |
---|---|
Jazyk: | angličtina |
Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
viruses HIV Infections Biology medicine.disease_cause lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases Feces Medical microbiology medicine Enterovirus Infections Humans lcsh:RC109-216 Viral shedding Enterovirus Viral culture Poliovirus virus diseases medicine.disease Virology Kenya Poliomyelitis Virus Shedding Vaccination Poliovirus Vaccines Infectious Diseases Immunization Child Preschool Immunology Research Article |
Zdroj: | BMC Infectious Diseases BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 136 (2009) |
ISSN: | 1471-2334 |
DOI: | 10.1186/1471-2334-9-136 |
Popis: | Background Immunodeficient persons with persistent vaccine-related poliovirus infection may serve as a potential reservoir for reintroduction of polioviruses after wild poliovirus eradication, posing a risk of their further circulation in inadequately immunized populations. Methods To estimate the potential for vaccine-related poliovirus persistence among HIV-infected persons, we studied poliovirus excretion following vaccination among children at an orphanage in Kenya. For 12 months after national immunization days, we collected serial stool specimens from orphanage residents aged Results Twenty-four children (15 HIV-infected, 9 HIV-uninfected) were enrolled, and 255 specimens (170 from HIV-infected, 85 from HIV-uninfected) were collected. All HIV-infected children had mildly or moderately symptomatic HIV-disease and moderate-to-severe immunosuppression. Fifteen participants shed vaccine-related polioviruses, and 22 shed NPEV at some point during the study period. Of 46 poliovirus-positive specimens, 31 were from HIV-infected, and 15 from HIV-uninfected children. No participant shed polioviruses for ≥ 6 months. Genomic sequencing of poliovirus isolates did not reveal any genetic evidence of long-term shedding. There was no long-term shedding of NPEV. Conclusion The results indicate that mildly to moderately symptomatic HIV-infected children retain the ability to clear enteroviruses, including vaccine-related poliovirus. Larger studies are needed to confirm and generalize these findings. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
Externí odkaz: |