Attenuating the Effects of Novel COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection-Induced Cytokine Storm and the Implications
| Autor: | Adekunle Babajide Rowaiye, Joyce Oloaigbe Ogidigo, Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar, Angus Nnamdi Oli, Salequl Islam, Onyekachi Onyekwere, Oluwakemi Hannah Oladipo, Dilshad Jahan, Okiemute Ajiroghene Okpalefe, Samson Olofinase, Mainul Haque, Siddhartha Dutta, Olukemi Onuh Adejoke, Amoge Chidinma Ogu |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_treatment Immunology Review Disease 03 medical and health sciences fatality 0302 clinical medicine Immune system medicine Immunology and Allergy Innate immune system SARS-CoV-2 business.industry COVID-19 Interleukin hyper-inflammation medicine.disease Cytokine release syndrome 030104 developmental biology Cytokine 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis cytokine storm Etiology Cytokine storm business |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Inflammation Research |
| ISSN: | 1178-7031 |
| DOI: | 10.2147/jir.s301784 |
| Popis: | The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an arduous global health challenge, and the increasing number of fatalities calls for the speedy pursuit of a remedy. This review emphasizes the changing aspects of the COVID-19 disease, featuring the cytokine storm’s pathological processes. Furthermore, we briefly reviewed potential therapeutic agents that may modulate and alleviate cytokine storms. The literature exploration was made using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Google scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to retrieve the most recent literature on the etiology, diagnostic markers, and the possible prophylactic and therapeutic options for the management of cytokine storm in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 disease. The causative agent, severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), continually threatens the efficiency of the immune system of the infected individuals. As the first responder, the innate immune system provides primary protection against COVID-19, affecting the disease’s progression, clinical outcome, and prognosis. Evidence suggests that the fatalities associated with COVID-19 are primarily due to hyper-inflammation and an aberrant immune function. Accordingly, the magnitude of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, (IL-6), and tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) significantly differentiate between mild and severe cases of COVID-19. The early prediction of a cytokine storm is made possible by several serum chemistry and hematological markers. The prompt use of these markers for diagnosis and the aggressive prevention and management of a cytokine release syndrome is critical in determining the level of morbidity and fatality associated with COVID-19. The prophylaxis and the rapid treatment of cytokine storm by clinicians will significantly enhance the fight against the dreaded COVID-19 disease. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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