Spatial and seasonal variation in diversity and structure of microbial biofilms on marine plastics in Northern European waters
| Autor: | Martin G.J. Loeder, A. Mark Osborn, Sonja Oberbeckmann, Gunnar Gerdts |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Cyanobacteria
Oceans and Seas Plastisphere Molecular Sequence Data 010501 environmental sciences Bacterial Physiological Phenomena 01 natural sciences Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences Seawater Water Pollutants 14. Life underwater 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences 0303 health sciences Ecology biology Bacteria Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Bacteroidetes Eukaryota Biota biology.organism_classification Microbial population biology 13. Climate action Biofilms North Sea Seasons Proteobacteria Plastic pollution Plastics Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis |
| Zdroj: | FEMS microbiology ecology. 90(2) |
| ISSN: | 1574-6941 |
| Popis: | Plastic pollution is now recognised as a major threat to marine environments and marine biota. Recent research highlights that diverse microbial species are found to colonise plastic surfaces (the plastisphere) within marine waters. Here, we investigate how the structure and diversity of marine plastisphere microbial community vary with respect to season, location and plastic substrate type. We performed a 6-week exposure experiment with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles in the North Sea (UK) as well as sea surface sampling of plastic polymers in Northern European waters. Scanning electron microscopy revealed diverse plastisphere communities comprising prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing analysis revealed that plastisphere microbial communities on PET fragments varied both with season and location and comprised of bacteria belonging to Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and members of the eukaryotes Bacillariophyceae and Phaeophyceae. Polymers sampled from the sea surface mainly comprised polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene particles. Variation within plastisphere communities on different polymer types was observed, but communities were primarily dominated by Cyanobacteria. This research reveals that the composition of plastisphere microbial communities in marine waters varies with season, geographical location and plastic substrate type. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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