Disaggregating Tropical Disease Prevalence by Climatic and Vegetative Zones within Tropical West Africa

Autor: James E. Futse, Carl S. Beckley, Andrew T. Hudak, Susan M. Noh, Salisu Shaban, Guy H. Palmer
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
Atmospheric Science
Veterinary medicine
Epidemiology
Rain
lcsh:Medicine
Breeding
Disease Vectors
Cattle Diseases
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Ghana
Grassland
Geographical Locations
Ticks
0302 clinical medicine
Theileria
Tropical climate
Prevalence
Medicine and Health Sciences
030212 general & internal medicine
lcsh:Science
Babesia bigemina
Mammals
2. Zero hunger
Multidisciplinary
geography.geographical_feature_category
Geography
biology
Ecology
Temperature
Agriculture
Ruminants
3. Good health
Africa
Western
Vertebrates
Pathogens
Research Article
Livestock
Arthropoda
030231 tropical medicine
Herd immunity
03 medical and health sciences
Meteorology
Bovines
Parasite Groups
Arachnida
parasitic diseases
Temperate climate
medicine
Animals
Animal Pathogens
Tropical Climate
geography
Ixodes
lcsh:R
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
Tropical disease
Humidity
15. Life on land
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Invertebrates
Sample Size
Amniotes
People and Places
Africa
Linear Models
Earth Sciences
lcsh:Q
Cattle
Parasitology
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Apicomplexa
Zdroj: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 3, p e0152560 (2016)
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: Tropical infectious disease prevalence is dependent on many socio-cultural determinants. However, rainfall and temperature frequently underlie overall prevalence, particularly for vector-borne diseases. As a result these diseases have increased prevalence in tropical as compared to temperate regions. Specific to tropical Africa, the tendency to incorrectly infer that tropical diseases are uniformly prevalent has been partially overcome with solid epidemiologic data. This finer resolution data is important in multiple contexts, including understanding risk, predictive value in disease diagnosis, and population immunity. We hypothesized that within the context of a tropical climate, vector-borne pathogen prevalence would significantly differ according to zonal differences in rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and vegetation condition. We then determined if these environmental data were predictive of pathogen prevalence. First we determined the prevalence of three major pathogens of cattle, Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina and Theileria spp, in the three vegetation zones where cattle are predominantly raised in Ghana: Guinea savannah, semi-deciduous forest, and coastal savannah. The prevalence of A. marginale was 63%, 26% for Theileria spp and 2% for B. bigemina. A. marginale and Theileria spp. were significantly more prevalent in the coastal savannah as compared to either the Guinea savanna or the semi-deciduous forest, supporting acceptance of the first hypothesis. To test the predictive power of environmental variables, the data over a three year period were considered in best subsets multiple linear regression models predicting prevalence of each pathogen. Corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICc) were assigned to the alternative models to compare their utility. Competitive models for each response were averaged using AICc weights. Rainfall was most predictive of pathogen prevalence, and EVI also contributed to A. marginale and B. bigemina prevalence. These findings support the utility of environmental data for understanding vector-borne disease epidemiology on a regional level within a tropical environment.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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