How many deficits in the same dyslexic brains? A behavioural and fMRI assessment of comorbidity in adult dyslexics
| Autor: | Gabriella Bottini, Eraldo Paulesu, L Danelli, Nunzio Alberto Borghese, Manuela Berlingeri, Maurizio Sberna, Cathy J. Price, M. Lucchese |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Danelli, L, Berlingeri, M, Bottini, G, Borghese, N, Lucchese, M, Sberna, M, Price, C, Paulesu, E |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Visual perception Adolescent genetic structures Developmental dyslexia Cognitive Neuroscience media_common.quotation_subject Disconnection hypothesis Motion Perception Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Comorbidity Cognitive neuroscience behavioral disciplines and activities Biological theories of dyslexia Article 050105 experimental psychology Occipito-temporal cortex Dyslexia Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Reading (process) medicine Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Motion perception media_common fMRI 05 social sciences Brain medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging Disconnection hypothesi Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Reading Visual Perception Female Disconnection Psychology psychological phenomena and processes 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Cognitive psychology |
| Zdroj: | Cortex. 97:125-142 |
| ISSN: | 0010-9452 |
| Popis: | Dyslexia can have different manifestations: this has motivated different theories on its nature, on its underlying brain bases and enduring controversies on how to best treat it. The relative weight of the different manifestations has never been evaluated using both behavioural and fMRI measures, a challenge taken here to assess the major systems called into play in dyslexia by different theories. We found that adult well-compensated dyslexics were systematically impaired only in reading and in visuo-phonological tasks, while deficits for other systems (e.g., motor/cerebellar, visual magnocellular/motion perception) were only very occasional. In line with these findings, fMRI showed a reliable hypoactivation only for the task of reading, in the left occipito-temporal cortex (l-OTC). The l-OTC, normally a crossroad between the reading system and other systems, did not show the same level of intersection in dyslexics; yet, it was not totally silent because it responded, in segregated parts, during auditory phonological and visual motion perception tasks. This minimal behavioural and functional anatomical comorbidity demonstrates that a specific deficit of reading is the best description for developmental dyslexia, at least for adult well-compensated cases, with clear implications for rehabilitation strategies. The reduced intersection of multiple systems in the l-OTC suggests that dyslexics suffer from a coarser connectivity, leading to disconnection between the multiple domains that normally interact during reading. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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