Starvation at the larval stage increases the vector competence of Aedes aegypti females for Zika virus

Autor: Alexander W. E. Franz, Jingyi Lin, DeAna G. Grant, Christie S. Herd
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
RNA viruses
Male
Life Cycles
Viral Diseases
Physiology
RC955-962
Disease Vectors
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Mosquitoes
Basement Membrane
Salivary Glands
Zika virus
Medical Conditions
Larvae
Aedes
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
education.field_of_study
Larva
biology
Ingestion
Eukaryota
Body Fluids
Insects
Flavivirus
Infectious Diseases
Arboviral Infections
Medical Microbiology
Viral Pathogens
Viruses
Female
Anatomy
Pathogens
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Research Article
Arthropoda
Population
Mosquito Vectors
Aedes aegypti
Aedes Aegypti
Microbiology
Virus
parasitic diseases
Animals
Saliva
education
Microbial Pathogens
Nutrition
Flaviviruses
fungi
Organisms
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Biology and Life Sciences
Midgut
Zika Virus
biology.organism_classification
Invertebrates
Virology
Insect Vectors
Diet
Species Interactions
Food
Vector (epidemiology)
Physiological Processes
Zoology
Entomology
Developmental Biology
Zdroj: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 11, p e0010003 (2021)
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
ISSN: 1935-2735
1935-2727
Popis: Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus which typically presents itself as febrile-like symptoms in humans but can also cause neurological and pregnancy complications. The transmission cycle of mosquito-borne arboviruses such as ZIKV requires that various key tissues in the female mosquito get productively infected with the virus before the mosquito can transmit the virus to another vertebrate host. Following ingestion of a viremic blood-meal from a vertebrate, ZIKV initially infects the midgut epithelium before exiting the midgut after blood-meal digestion to disseminate to secondary tissues including the salivary glands. Here we investigated whether smaller Ae. aegypti females resulting from food deprivation as larvae exhibited an altered vector competence for blood-meal acquired ZIKV relative to larger mosquitoes. Midguts from small ‘Starve’ and large ‘Control’ Ae. aegypti were dissected to visualize by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the midgut basal lamina (BL) as physical evidence for the midgut escape barrier showing Starve mosquitoes with a significantly thinner midgut BL than Control mosquitoes at two timepoints. ZIKV replication was inhibited in Starve mosquitoes following intrathoracic injection of virus, however, Starve mosquitoes exhibited a significantly higher midgut escape and population dissemination rate at 9 days post-infection (dpi) via blood-meal, with more virus present in saliva and head tissue than Control by 10 dpi and 14 dpi, respectively. These results indicate that Ae. aegypti developing under stressful conditions potentially exhibit higher midgut infection and dissemination rates for ZIKV as adults, Thus, variation in food intake as larvae is potentially a source for variable vector competence levels of the emerged adults for the virus.
Author summary When mosquitoes are reared in a laboratory they are typically provided with ample nutrients as larvae so adults can grow to an optimal size; this ensures adults are robust for reproducible experiments. However, in the field not all larvae may have access to equal amounts of food. Studies including ours have shown that by restricting food as larvae, smaller adults can be produced, which can have an altered ability to be infected with and transmit arthropod-borne viruses. Zika virus is ingested into a female mosquito midgut when a blood-meal is acquired from an infected vertebrate host; the virus must infect midgut cells and escape this tissue to secondary tissues via the basal lamina, which surrounds the midgut. Viruses can then infect other organs including the salivary glands, for further transmission. In this study we focus on the impact limited nutrition as a larva has on the adult’s transmission potential for Zika virus.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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