Sleep and Second-Language Acquisition Revisited: The Role of Sleep Spindles and Rapid Eye Movements
| Autor: | L. Ray, Aaron Gibbings, Gilles Hébert, Kristen Thompson, Stuart Fogel, James Shaw, Joseph De Koninck |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
learning language medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Eye movement Sleep spindle Audiology Electroencephalography Sleep in non-human animals Second-language acquisition Rapid Eye Movements Procedural memory Behavioral Neuroscience memory consolidation declarative memory theta Medicine Memory consolidation business Applied Psychology Original Research procedural memory |
| Zdroj: | Nature and Science of Sleep |
| ISSN: | 1179-1608 |
| DOI: | 10.2147/nss.s326151 |
| Popis: | Introduction Second-language learning (SLL) depends on distinct functional-neuroanatomical systems including procedural and declarative long-term memory. Characteristic features of rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep such as rapid eye movements and sleep spindles are electrophysiological markers of cognitively complex procedural and declarative memory consolidation, respectively. In adults, grammatical learning depends at first on declarative memory (“early SLL”) then shifts to procedural memory with experience (“late SLL”). However, it is unknown if the shift from declarative to procedural memory in early vs late SLL is supported by sleep. Here, we hypothesized that increases in sleep spindle characteristics would be associated with early SLL, whereas increases in REM activity (eg, density and EEG theta-band activity time-locked to rapid eye movements) would be associated with late SLL. Methods Eight Anglophone (English first language) participants completed four polysomnographic recordings throughout an intensive 6-week French immersion course. Sleep spindle data and electroencephalographic spectral power time-locked to rapid eye movements were extracted from parietal temporal electrodes. Results As predicted, improvements in French proficiency were associated with changes in spindles during early SLL. Furthermore, we observed increased event-related theta power time-locked to rapid eye movements during late SLL compared with early SLL. The increases in theta power were significantly correlated with improvements in French proficiency. Discussion This supports the notion that sleep spindles are involved in early SLL when grammar depends on declarative memory, whereas cortical theta activity time-locked to rapid eye movements is involved in late SLL when grammar depends on procedural memory. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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