Microbial Cross-contamination in Multidose Eyedrops: The Impact of Instillation Angle and Bottle Geometry
Autor: | Alexandre Xavier da Costa, José Álvaro Pereira Gomes, Denise de Freitas, Vagner Rogério dos Santos, Lauren C LaMonica, Maria Cecília Zorat Yu, Priscila Cardoso Cristovam |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
business.product_category Materials science ophthalmic solutions Nozzle geometry Nozzle Biomedical Engineering eye drop standardization Geometry Article Lubricant Eye Drops 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Bottle Humans drop instillation Quality of care Bacteria Contamination cross-contamination Ophthalmology 030104 developmental biology Ophthalmic solutions Topical agents eyedrops Pseudomonas aeruginosa 030221 ophthalmology & optometry Drug Contamination business Brazil |
Zdroj: | Translational Vision Science & Technology |
ISSN: | 2164-2591 |
Popis: | Purpose To evaluate the impact of instillation angle and nozzle tip geometry on cross-contamination risk of multidose ocular solution bottles. Methods Pseudomonas aeruginosa solution was passed exclusively on the outside of the nozzle to simulate contamination on the exterior of topical agents. Three drops were administered from angles of 90° and 45° from bottles with either a round or sharp tip geometry, and the cultures were examined for growth. Two-hundred sixteen cultures from nine lubricant eyedrop brands currently existing in the Brazilian market were assessed for bacterial growth. Results After seven days, bacterial contamination was detected in 53.7% of cultures when drops were administered at 90° and in 70.4% of cultures at 45°. Eyedrops collected from a rounded nozzle tip and an instillation angle of 90° transmitted bacteria in 69.4% of cases, whereas those administered from a sharp tip transmitted bacteria in only 22.2% of cases (P = 0.001). At an instillation angle of 45°, contamination was identified in 83.3% of bottles with a rounded tip geometry and in only eight of 18 bottles (44.4%) from those with a sharp nozzle geometry (P = 0.005). Conclusions Adjusting the instillation angle of eyedrop solutions to 90°, as well as using a nozzle geometry that prevents flow of the solution to the side of the bottle, significantly reduced contamination rates. Translational relevance Standardizing drop bottles and adjusting delivery angle shows promise in reducing contamination rates and may critically impact the quality of care for patients requiring topical therapeutic agents. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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