The emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic: Understanding the epidemiology, immune response and potential therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2
| Autor: | Uma Maheswari Krishnan, Senthil Visaga Ambi, Saravanan Sekaran, Shibi Muralidar |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
ARDS medicine.medical_specialty Review Biochemistry MERS-CoV 03 medical and health sciences Clinical trials Pandemic Epidemiology medicine Humans Molecular Targeted Therapy Immune response Intensive care medicine Pandemics 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology SARS-CoV-2 Transmission (medicine) business.industry Public health COVID-19 SARS-CoV General Medicine medicine.disease COVID-19 Drug Treatment Clinical trial Pneumonia 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure business Respiratory tract |
| Zdroj: | Biochimie |
| ISSN: | 0300-9084 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.018 |
| Popis: | An acute respiratory disease caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that surfaced in China in late 2019, continues to spread rapidly across the globe causing serious concerns. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is declared as a public health emergency worldwide by the World Health Organization (WHO). Increasing evidences have demonstrated human-to-human transmission that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract followed by lower respiratory tract damage leading to severe pneumonia. Based on the current status, the elderly population and people with prior co-morbidities are highly susceptible to serious health effects including cytokine up-regulation and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Currently, COVID-19 research is still in the preliminary stage necessitating rigorous studies. There is no specific drug or vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 currently and only symptomatic treatment is being administered, but several antivirals are under active investigation. In this review, we have summarized the epidemiology, entry mechanism, immune response, and therapeutic implications, possible drug targets, their ongoing clinical trials, and put forward vital questions to offer new directions to the COVID-19 research. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • WHO declares COVID-19 as “very-high risk” global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. • Whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 revealed 96.2% and 79% similarity with RaTG13 and SARS-CoV respectively. • SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 as entry-receptor just like SARS-CoV. • “Silent Hypoxia” is considered as a clinical indication in COVID-19 patients. • 82.1% patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are noted to have lymphopenia. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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