The alarmones (p)ppGpp are part of the heat shock response of Bacillus subtilis

Autor: Christian K. Frese, Bertrand Beckert, Wieland Steinchen, Heinrich Schäfer, Kristina Driller, Petra Dersch, Daniel N. Wilson, Aaron M. Nuss, Libor Krásný, Volkhard Kaever, Kürşad Turgay, Michael Beckstette, Gert Bange, Ingo Hantke, Petra Sudzinová
Přispěvatelé: HZI,Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7,38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Cancer Research
Bacillus
Bacillus subtilis
QH426-470
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Biochemistry
Heat Shock Response
Ligases
0302 clinical medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Genetics (clinical)
Cellular Stress Responses
Regulation of gene expression
0303 health sciences
Physics
Classical Mechanics
Translation (biology)
Cell biology
Bacterial Pathogens
Nucleic acids
Bacillus Subtilis
Experimental Organism Systems
Ribosomal RNA
Cell Processes
Medical Microbiology
Second messenger system
Physical Sciences
Prokaryotic Models
Mechanical Stress
Pathogens
Cellular Structures and Organelles
Research Article
DNA transcription
Biology
Research and Analysis Methods
Microbiology
Bacterial genetics
03 medical and health sciences
Bacterial Proteins
Genetics
Heat shock
Non-coding RNA
Molecular Biology
Transcription factor
Microbial Pathogens
Ecology
Evolution
Behavior and Systematics
030304 developmental biology
Bacteria
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
Cell Biology
Gene Expression Regulation
Bacterial
biology.organism_classification
Thermal Stresses
Animal Studies
RNA
Protein Translation
Gene expression
Ribosomes
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Heat-Shock Response
Alarmone
Zdroj: PLoS Genetics
e1008275
PLoS genetics
United States
PLoS Genetics, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e1008275 (2020)
ISSN: 1553-7404
1553-7390
Popis: Bacillus subtilis cells are well suited to study how bacteria sense and adapt to proteotoxic stress such as heat, since temperature fluctuations are a major challenge to soil-dwelling bacteria. Here, we show that the alarmones (p)ppGpp, well known second messengers of nutrient starvation, are also involved in the heat stress response as well as the development of thermo-resistance. Upon heat-shock, intracellular levels of (p)ppGpp rise in a rapid but transient manner. The heat-induced (p)ppGpp is primarily produced by the ribosome-associated alarmone synthetase Rel, while the small alarmone synthetases RelP and RelQ seem not to be involved. Furthermore, our study shows that the generated (p)ppGpp pulse primarily acts at the level of translation, and only specific genes are regulated at the transcriptional level. These include the down-regulation of some translation-related genes and the up-regulation of hpf, encoding the ribosome-protecting hibernation-promoting factor. In addition, the alarmones appear to interact with the activity of the stress transcription factor Spx during heat stress. Taken together, our study suggests that (p)ppGpp modulates the translational capacity at elevated temperatures and thereby allows B. subtilis cells to respond to proteotoxic stress, not only by raising the cellular repair capacity, but also by decreasing translation to concurrently reduce the protein load on the cellular protein quality control system.
Author summary We observed that the second messenger (p)ppGpp, known to be synthesized by the ribosome-associated Rel synthetase upon nutrient starvation during the stringent response, is also intricately involved in the stress response of B. subtilis cells and can act as a pleiotropic regulator during the adaptation to heat stress. (p)ppGpp can slow down and modulate translation and is, together with the transcriptional stress regulator Spx, partially involved in the transcriptional down-regulation of the translation machinery. The stress-induced elevation of cellular (p)ppGpp levels confers increased stress tolerance and facilitates an improved protein homeostasis by modulating translation and reducing the load on the protein quality control system.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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