Preweaned heifer management on US dairy operations: Part VI. Factors associated with average daily gain in preweaned dairy heifer calves
| Autor: | Jason E. Lombard, C.A. Kopral, J.D. Olson, T.J. Earleywine, N.J. Urie, Franklyn B. Garry, C.B. Shivley, Monica Santin |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Liquid diet
Dairy heifer 040301 veterinary sciences Animal feed Pasteurization Weaning Biology law.invention 0403 veterinary science Animal science law Lactation Genetics medicine Animals Longitudinal Studies Feces Animal health 0402 animal and dairy science 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences 040201 dairy & animal science Animal Feed Animals Suckling Diet medicine.anatomical_structure Milk Animal Science and Zoology Cattle Female Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Journal of dairy science. 101(10) |
| ISSN: | 1525-3198 |
| Popis: | The study objective was to evaluate average daily gain (ADG) in dairy heifer calves based on health, feeding, management practices, and environmental factors. This study included 102 operations in 13 states that participated in the calf component of the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Dairy 2014 study. This 18-mo longitudinal study included 1,410 Holstein heifer calves monitored from birth to weaning. The mean ADG from birth to final weight was 0.74 kg/d. Backward elimination model selection in Proc Mixed after univariate screening determined factors that significantly affected ADG. The final model included dam lactation number, singleton versus twin birth, bedding type, Giardia and Cryptosporidium fecal shedding, disease events, a categorized average temperature-humidity index for the preweaning period (pTHI), amount of protein in the liquid diet (kg/d), milk pasteurization, direct-fed microbials, and the interaction between milk pasteurization and direct-fed microbials. After controlling for other independent variables in the model, calves born to first-lactation dams gained less (0.60 kg/d) than calves from second- (0.65 kg/d) or third- or greater-lactation (0.64 kg/d) dams. Singleton calves gained 0.07 kg/d more than twins. Calves bedded with sand or no bedding gained less (0.49 kg/d) than calves on all other bedding types. Calves negative for Cryptosporidium or Giardia at the time of sampling gained 0.03 or 0.02 kg/d more, respectively, than calves that were positive for Cryptosporidium or Giardia. Calves with no disease events gained 0.07 kg/d more than calves with one or more disease events. Calves experiencing an average pTHI |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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