Relationship of three different types of low-carbohydrate diet to cardiometabolic risk factors in a Japanese population: the INTERMAP/INTERLIPID Study
| Autor: | Hirotsugu Ueshima, Akira Okayama, Yoshikuni Kita, Sohel R. Choudhry, Shigeyuki Saitoh, Yasuyuki Nakamura, Jeremiah Stamler, Katsuyuki Miura, Hideaki Nakagawa, Paul Elliott, Queenie Chan, Tomonori Okamura, Beatriz L. Rodriguez, Kiyomi Sakata, Nagako Okuda, Naoko Miyagawa, Katsushi Yoshita, Kamal Masaki |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Medicine (miscellaneous) 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Body Mass Index Fatty Acids Monounsaturated chemistry.chemical_compound Diet Carbohydrate-Restricted Hemoglobins 0302 clinical medicine Japan Weight loss Risk Factors 030212 general & internal medicine Food science Cardiometabolic risk chemistry.chemical_classification Metabolic Syndrome education.field_of_study Nutrition and Dietetics biology Fatty Acids Middle Aged C-Reactive Protein Cardiovascular Diseases Fatty Acids Unsaturated Female Dietary Proteins medicine.symptom Polyunsaturated fatty acid Adult medicine.medical_specialty Population Article 03 medical and health sciences Asian People Internal medicine medicine Dietary Carbohydrates Humans Low carbohydrate education Triglycerides C-reactive protein Cholesterol HDL Cholesterol LDL Dietary Fats Diet Uric Acid Endocrinology Cross-Sectional Studies chemistry Multivariate Analysis biology.protein Uric acid Glycated hemoglobin Energy Intake |
| Popis: | PURPOSE: Low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) are a popular dietary strategy for weight reduction. The effects of LCD on long-term outcome vary depending on type of LCD, possibly due to the fact that effects on cardiometabolic risk factors may vary with different types of LCD. Accordingly, we studied these relations. METHODS: We assessed serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin, and uric acid, and nutrient intakes by standardized methods in men and women ages 40–59 years from four population samples of Japanese in Japan (553 men and 544 women, combined). For people consuming usual, animal-based, and plant-based LCDs, we calculated LCD scores, based on relative level of fat, protein, and carbohydrate, by modifying the methods of Halton et al. Instead of calculating scores based on animal or vegetable fat, we used saturated fatty acids (SFA) or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) + polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). RESULTS: In multivariate regression analyses with adjustment for site, age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and years of education, all three LCD scores were significantly positively related to HDLc (all P < 0.001), but not to LDLc. The plant-based LCD score was significantly inversely related to log CRP (coefficient = −0.010, P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: All three LCD scores were significantly positively related to HDLc. The plant-based LCD score was significantly inversely related to CRP. Carbohydrate intake below 50 % of total energy with higher intakes of vegetable protein and MUFA + PUFA, and lower intakes of SFA may be favorable for reducing cardiometabolic risk factors. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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