Probabilistic modeling of young children's overall lead exposure in France: integrated approach for various exposure media
| Autor: | B. Le Bot, Denis Bard, Nawel Bemrah, Philippe Glorennec, A. Robin, Alexandra Tard |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction Chez l'Homme et les Mammiferes (GERHM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ENSP Rennes |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2007 |
| Předmět: |
Epidemiology
Computer science MESH: Air Pollutants 010501 environmental sciences MESH: Risk Assessment 01 natural sciences MESH: Dust 010104 statistics & probability 0302 clinical medicine MESH: Child Soil Pollutants 030212 general & internal medicine Child lcsh:Environmental sciences General Environmental Science lcsh:GE1-350 education.field_of_study Air Pollutants Dust Environmental exposure Integrated approach Contamination Soil contamination MESH: Infant 3. Good health Environmental health MESH: Water Pollutants Chemical Risk analysis (engineering) MESH: Environmental Pollutants Child Preschool Environmental Pollutants France Risk assessment MESH: Lead Probabilistic exposure assessment Population MESH: Environmental Exposure Risk Assessment 03 medical and health sciences Tap water Humans 0101 mathematics education 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Exposure assessment [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Health MESH: Soil Pollutants Models Statistical MESH: Humans MESH: Child Preschool Probabilistic logic Infant MESH: Lead Poisoning Lead Poisoning MESH: France Lead 13. Climate action Lead exposure Soil water Environmental science [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie Water Pollutants Chemical MESH: Models Statistical |
| Zdroj: | Environment International Environment International, Elsevier, 2007, 33 (7), pp.937-45. ⟨10.1016/j.envint.2007.05.004⟩ Environment International, 2007, 33 (7), pp.937-45. ⟨10.1016/j.envint.2007.05.004⟩ Environment International, Vol 33, Iss 7, Pp 937-945 (2007) |
| ISSN: | 0160-4120 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.envint.2007.05.004⟩ |
| Popis: | Objectives: Emissions of lead into the environment (and thus its environmental concentrations) have decreased in recent years. We sought to estimate the overall lead exposure of children aged 6 months to 6 years (the population group most exposed and most sensitive to lead) in France through the various media (air, food, water, soils, and dust) and the respective contributions of each medium to the total dose. We have focused on the general population, leaving aside specific risk factors such as deteriorated lead paints. Methods: We used the most recent French intake data for food and water, and a daily ingested quantity selected from the literature for soils and dust. Contamination data came from the first total diet study of contaminant levels in France (2000–2001), from regulatory testing of tap water (2004), a literature review of lead in urban soils, and a pilot study (2005) of lead in dust. Air quality monitoring measurements showed that the contribution of air could now be safely ignored. Weekly exposure doses were estimated with Monte Carlo simulations. Results: Median weekly exposure dose was 7.5 μg/kg bw.week for children aged 6 months to 3 years and 4.7 for those aged from 3–6 years. 95th percentiles were 13.5 and 8.7 μg/kg bw.week. Exposure came mainly from food. The principal uncertainties are associated with quantification limits in food and water, representativeness and traceability of tap water samples, and absence of recent data about urban soil contamination. Conclusions: These results differ quite notably from earlier estimates and highlight the need, especially for policy-making purposes, to update exposure measurements for this metal. Keywords: Environmental exposure, Environmental health, Exposure assessment, Probabilistic exposure assessment, Lead |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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