Lower step rate is associated with a higher risk of bone stress injury: a prospective study of collegiate cross country runners
| Autor: | Christa M. Wille, Stephanie Kliethermes, Pedro J. Zavala, Bryan C. Heiderscheit, Jennifer L. Sanfilippo, Mikel R. Stiffler-Joachim |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Risk medicine.medical_specialty Time Factors Fractures Stress Universities Physical Therapy Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Estimating equations Article Running Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences Sex Factors 0302 clinical medicine Bone Density Humans Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Prospective Studies Risk factor Students Prospective cohort study Bone mineral Analysis of Variance 030222 orthopedics business.industry Incidence Incidence (epidemiology) 030229 sport sciences General Medicine bacterial infections and mycoses Biomechanical Phenomena Athletes Relative risk Cohort Physical therapy Female Observational study Seasons business human activities |
| Zdroj: | Br J Sports Med |
| ISSN: | 1473-0480 0306-3674 |
| Popis: | ObjectivesTo determine if running biomechanics and bone mineral density (BMD) were independently associated with bone stress injury (BSI) in a cohort of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I cross country runners.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study of 54 healthy collegiate cross country runners over three consecutive seasons. Whole body kinematics, ground reaction forces (GRFs) and BMD measures were collected during the preseason over 3 years via motion capture on an instrumented treadmill and total body densitometer scans. All medically diagnosed BSIs up to 12 months following preseason data collection were recorded. Generalised estimating equations were used to identify independent risk factors of BSI.ResultsUnivariably, step rate, centre of mass vertical excursion, peak vertical GRF and vertical GRF impulse were associated with BSI incidence. After adjusting for history of BSI and sex in a multivariable model, a higher step rate was independently associated with a decreased risk of BSI. BSI risk decreased by 5% (relative risk (RR): 0.95; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98) with each one step/min increase in step rate. BMD z-score was not a statistically significant risk predictor in the final multivariable model (RR: 0.93, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.03). No other biomechanical variables were found to be associated with BSI risk.ConclusionLow step rate is an important risk factor for BSI among collegiate cross country runners and should be considered when developing comprehensive programmes to mitigate BSI risk in distance runners. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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