Attention and executive functions profile in drug naive ADHD subtypes
| Autor: | Maria Cristina Porfirio, Riccardo Alessandrelli, Augusto Pasini, Paolo Curatolo, Claudio Paloscia |
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| Rok vydání: | 2006 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Audiology Neuropsychological Tests behavioral disciplines and activities Developmental psychology Executive functions Cognition Developmental Neuroscience Neuropsychology mental disorders medicine Reaction Time ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Humans Attention Child Inhibition Working memory Cognitive flexibility General Medicine Neuropsychological battery medicine.disease Settore MED/39 - Neuropsichiatria Infantile Drug-naïve Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Child Preschool Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Neurology (clinical) Psychology Neurocognitive Psychomotor Performance medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Braindevelopment. 29(7) |
| ISSN: | 0387-7604 |
| Popis: | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with executive functioning and sustained and divided attention deficits. In order to clarify the questions on neurocognitive impairment in ADHD, we investigated the presence of specific executive functions (EFs) and attention deficit patterns in ADHD clinical subtypes. 50 patients with ADHD and 44 controls were evaluated. All subjects were boys and performed a clinical-psychopathological and neuropsychological battery. Five main domains of EFs and attention were studied. Executive functions-related neurocognitive abilities were used as control tasks. ADHD patients, inattentive and combined subtypes differ from controls on response inhibition, divided attention, phonological, and visual object working memory and on variability of reaction times measured with CPT. Comparison of ADHD subtypes, in five main domains of EFs, did not show evidence of different executive functioning profiles. Response inhibition can predict performance on working memory tests but it cannot predict performance on divided attention/set shifting and on sustained attention. ADHD boys exhibit a selective impairment on executive functions and attention tasks. These data suggest the involvement of partially independent neural circuits which control inhibition and divided attention in ADHD. Since right prefrontal cortex seems to be crucial in controlling response inhibition, while left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seems important in modulating divided attention, these areas are deputated to be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychological deficits in ADHD subtypes. In addition, this study candidates the impairment in phonological and visual-object working memory as a possible neuropsychological trait in ADHD males with inattentive or combined subtypes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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