PRESUMPTIVE PIT VIPER ENVENOMATION IN PSITTACINES IN A BRAZILIAN ZOO
| Autor: | Peter Wohlsein, Ulrich Neumann, Anna Sophie Croukamp, Mathias Dislich |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Pathology medicine.medical_specialty 030231 tropical medicine Snake Bites Psittaciformes Postmortem Changes Bothrops moojeni 03 medical and health sciences Fatal Outcome 0302 clinical medicine medicine Animals Envenomation General Veterinary biology Bird Diseases Pit viper General Medicine biology.organism_classification medicine.disease people.cause_of_death Snake bites 030104 developmental biology Venomous snake Animals Zoo Female Animal Science and Zoology people Crotalinae |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 48:868-873 |
| ISSN: | 1937-2825 1042-7260 |
| Popis: | Snake bites represent a serious public health risk in many regions of the globe, especially in tropical areas. Clinical signs and postmortem changes are well described in human and other mammalian species. However, detailed case reports about venomous snake attacks in avian species are limited. This report describes presumptive fatal envenomations in three psittacines caused by pit vipers in a Brazilian zoo. In one case, a Brazilian lancehead (Bothrops moojeni) was captured in the aviary. In all three cases the dermis around the suspected snake bite area exhibited hemorrhages and edema. Histologically, degeneration and necrosis of subcutaneous musculature were observed. Lung, heart, and kidneys displayed focal hemorrhages. The local changes are similar to those described for mammalian patients including humans. However, except for the parenchymatous hemorrhages, additional external and internal gross and histopathological lesions were missing. After ruling out other causes, such as aggression and dicoumarinic intoxication, the presumptive diagnosis of snake envenomation was made. The smaller size and variabilities of pathophysiological effects of the venom in parrots might explain the different lesion patterns observed, compared with mammals. Possibly, the birds may have reacted differently to envenomation by pit vipers and died before the venom could cause macroscopic and histological changes often observed in mammals. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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