Solar Thermal Processing to Disinfect Human Waste
| Autor: | Richard P. Fisher, Alan W. Weimer, Ryan B. Mahoney, Tesfayohanes W. Yacob, Lauren M. Hafford, Dragan Mejic, R. Scott Summers, Cori J. Oversby, Karl G. Linden, Allan Lewandowski, Dana H. Hauschulz, Barbara J. Ward |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Sanitation
020209 energy sanitation Geography Planning and Development Population TJ807-830 02 engineering and technology Thermal treatment 010501 environmental sciences Management Monitoring Policy and Law TD194-195 01 natural sciences Renewable energy sources solar thermal human waste 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering GE1-350 education disinfection 0105 earth and related environmental sciences fiber optics Toilet education.field_of_study Waste management Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry Human waste Renewable energy Environmental sciences Sustainable sanitation Environmental science Electricity business |
| Zdroj: | Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 4935, p 4935 (2021) Sustainability Volume 13 Issue 9 |
| ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
| Popis: | Almost half of the world’s population is living without access to sanitation services that are safe, reliable, and minimize public health risk of human waste exposure. Modern flush-based sanitation networks are unsustainable: substantial resources, namely water and fuel, are required to bring human waste to centralized treatment facilities. Moving toward sustainable sanitation requires the implementation of innovative renewable energy technologies for stabilization and disinfection of waste, at the local or household scale, where minimal inputs of water, electricity or chemicals are required. A novel solar thermal disinfection toilet prototype has been constructed and is assessed for overall solar to receiver efficiency in treating waste without electrical, chemical, or water inputs from municipal supply. The measured solar to receiver efficiency is 28%, incorporating the capturing and concentration of sunlight and transmission of the energy to the receiver. For a typical sunny day, the current system can achieve thermal treatment of 0.8 kg human waste in roughly 100 min. The novel toilet is available for any location in the world with sufficient sunlight and irradiance data, and is scalable by adding solar collectors for sizes from single dwellings to communities. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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