Comparative development of staminate and pistillate flowers in the dioecious cactus Opuntia robusta
| Autor: | Gregorio Orozco-Arroyo, Jesús Silva-Martínez, Isabel Alfaro, Sonia Vázquez-Santana, Florencia García-Campusano, Felipe Cruz-García, Rocío Hernández-Cruz |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Plant Infertility Dioecy Stamen Apoptosis Flowers Plant Science Biology medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Microspore Anthesis Pollen Botany otorhinolaryngologic diseases medicine Pollination Ovule Tapetum Reproduction fungi Callose Opuntia food and beverages Cell Biology Plant Breeding chemistry 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Plant Reproduction. 32:257-273 |
| ISSN: | 2194-7961 2194-7953 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00497-019-00365-w |
| Popis: | PCD role in unisexual flowers. The developmental processes underlying the transition from hermaphroditism to unisexuality are key to understanding variation and evolution of floral structure and function. A detailed examination of the cytological and histological patterns involved in pollen and ovule development of staminate and pistillate flowers in the dioecious Opuntia robusta was undertaken, and the potential involvement of programmed cell death in the abortion of the sex whorls was explored. Flowers initiated development as hermaphrodites and became functionally unisexual by anthesis. Female individuals have pistillate flowers with a conspicuous stigma, functional ovary, collapsed stamens and no pollen grains. Male individuals have staminate flowers, with large yellow anthers, abundant pollen grains, underdeveloped stigma, style and an ovary that rarely produced ovules. In pistillate flowers, anther abortion resulted from the premature degradation of the tapetum by PCD, followed by irregular deposition of callose wall around the microsporocytes, and finally by microspore degradation. In staminate flowers, the stigma could support pollen germination; however, the ovaries were reduced, with evidence of placental arrest and ovule abortion through PCD, when ovules were present. We demonstrate that PCD is recruited in both pistillate and staminate flower development; however, it occurs at different times of floral development. This study contributes to the understanding of the nature of the O. robusta breeding system and identifies developmental landmarks that contribute to sexual determination in Cactaceae. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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