Quantitation of parvalbumin+ neurons and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulatory gene expression in the HIV-1 transgenic rat: effects of vitamin A deficiency and morphine
| Autor: | Odell Jones, Huifen Li, Walter Royal, Adam C. Puche, Shireen Sultana, Joseph Bryant |
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| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
Gene Expression Regulation
Viral medicine.medical_specialty Normal diet Cell Count HIV Infections Biology Article Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Virology Internal medicine Gene expression medicine vif Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus Animals Humans nef Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cerebral Cortex Neurons Morphine Vitamin A Deficiency Metabolic disorder rev Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus vpr Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus medicine.disease Rats Analgesics Opioid medicine.anatomical_structure Endocrinology Parvalbumins Neurology Opioid Cerebral cortex biology.protein HIV-1 tat Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurology (clinical) Neuron NeuN Parvalbumin medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of neurovirology. 16(1) |
| ISSN: | 1538-2443 |
| Popis: | Vitamin A (VA) deficiency in HIV infection has been associated with more progressive HIV disease which may be enhanced by opioid use. In these studies were examined the effects of VA deficiency and morphine on frontal cortex neuronal numbers in the HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rat. These studies showed that totals numbers of neurons were similar for rats on the VA deficient diet as for rats on the normal diet and these numbers were not affected by treatment with morphine. In contrast, numbers of neurons that expressed the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin, which is a marker interneurons that express the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABAergic neurons) were decreased for wild-type (Wt) rats on the VA deficient diet and for Wt rats treated with morphine. In addition, parvalbumin+ neurons were also decreased for Tg rats on a normal diet but increased to normal levels when these animals were placed on the VA deficient diet and treated with morphine. Analysis of expression of HIV regulatory proteins vif, vpr, and nef in frontal cortex and adjacent subcortical white matter showed that expression of these genes was increased in the Tg rat on the normal diet as compared to a control housekeeping gene. Morphine treatment suppressed expression of the HIV genes; however, expression was increased by VA deficiency and by morphine plus deficiency. These studies therefore suggest that VA deficiency, opioid and HIV infection alone and in combination may either suppress neuronal metabolic activity or induce metabolic stress, resulting in the observed changes in levels of parvalbumin expression. The specific mechanisms that underlie these effects require further study. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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