Phenology of Zamia boliviana (Zamiaceae), a threatened species from a seasonally dry biodiversity hotspot in South America

Autor: Gudryan Baronio, Leonor Patricia Cerdeira Morellato, Rosane Segalla, Fabio Pinheiro
Přispěvatelé: Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Scopus
Repositório Institucional da UNESP
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron:UNESP
Popis: Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T11:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Dioecy, a character common to all cycads, requires obligatory outcrossing. The absence of potential reproductive mates of the opposite sex renders individuals effectively sterile. Therefore, reproductive synchrony is essential for the reproductive success of cycads. Here, we describe the reproductive phenology, morphology, and lifespan of strobili of Zamia boliviana (Cycadales, Zamiaceae), an endemic cycad in South America. We examined the variation in timing of maturation between polliniferous and ovuliferous individuals in two Z. boliviana populations. Lifespan of polliniferous and ovuliferous strobili was based on direct observations and systematic measurements of strobili development. Phenological study covered three reproductive cohorts in two distinct cycad populations. Lifespan of polliniferous strobili was comprised of four phases and lasted 50 days until the cycle's completion, while ovuliferous strobili underwent seven phases that extended over 330 days until seed dehiscence. Both sexes produced strobili during the dry season. We identified a seasonally synchronous pattern in the reproductive phenology of Z. boliviana, with a major overlap in the phases of emergence, pollen release, and strobili receptivity between sexes, populations, and subsequent years. Reproductive events of Z. boliviana followed the seasonality of the Cerrado vegetation and climate. Synchrony between the period of strobili production and reproductive activity peaks was found in both sexes, but seed dehiscence occurred in the dry season. Our study provides relevant and new biological data for Z. boliviana in its natural habitat, demonstrating a temporal distinction between the lifespan of polliniferous and ovuliferous strobili and the necessary overlap between the release and receptivity of pollen. Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso Departamento de Biodiversidade Laboratório de Fenologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências (IB-USP) Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Biodiversidade Laboratório de Fenologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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