Reducing the carbon footprint of ICT products through material efficiency strategies: A life cycle analysis of smartphones
| Autor: | Mauro Cordella, Felice Alfieri, Javier Sanfelix |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0211 other engineering and technologies
Climate change 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Industrial ecolgy Life cycle costs Life cycle assessment European commission 021108 energy Life-cycle assessment 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science LCA LCC General Social Sciences Material efficiency Environmental economics Work (electrical) Information and Communications Technology Carbon footprint Business Smartphone Industrial ecology |
| Zdroj: | TECNALIA Publications Fundación Tecnalia Research & Innovation |
| Popis: | With the support of a life cycle assessment model, this study estimates the carbon footprint (CF) of smartphones and life cycle costs (LCC) for consumers in scenarios where different material efficiency strategies are implemented in Europe. Results show that a major contribution to the CF of smartphones is due to extraction and processing of materials and following manufacturing of parts: 10.7 kg CO2,eq/year, when assuming a biennial replacement cycle. Printed wiring board, display assembly, and integrated circuits make 75% of the impacts from materials. The CF is increased by assembly (+2.7 kg CO2,eq/year), distribution (+1.9 kg CO2,eq/year), and recharging of the device (+1.9 kg CO2,eq/year) and decreased by the end of life recycling (−0.8 kg CO2,eq/year). However, the CF of smartphones can dramatically increase when the energy consumed in communication services is counted (+26.4 kg CO2,eq/year). LCC can vary significantly (235–622 EUR/year). The service contract can in particular be a decisive cost factor (up to 61–85% of the LCC). It was calculated that the 1:1 displacement of new smartphones by used devices could decrease the CF by 52–79% (excluding communication services) and the LCC by 5–16%. An extension of the replacement cycle from 2 to 3 years could decrease the CF by 23–30% and the LCC by 4–10%, depending on whether repair operations are required. Measures for implementing such material efficiency strategies are presented and results can help inform decision‐makers about how to reduce impacts associated with smartphones. This work has been financially supported by the European Commission through the Administrative Agreement N. 070201/2015/SI2.719458/ENV.A.1, signed by DG ENV and DG JRC. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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