Bioinspired Adenosine Triphosphate as an 'All-In-One' Green Flame Retardant via Extremely Intumescent Char Formation
| Autor: | Cheol Hyun Park, Jun Hyuk Heo, Jin Woong Lee, Min Jeong Kim, S.H. Jeong, Jung Heon Lee |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Flame test 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences Limiting oxygen index chemistry.chemical_compound fluids and secretions Chemical engineering chemistry Blowing agent General Materials Science Char 0210 nano-technology Intumescent Fire retardant Flammability Polyurethane |
| Zdroj: | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 13:22935-22945 |
| ISSN: | 1944-8252 1944-8244 |
| Popis: | The development of eco-friendly flame retardants is crucial due to the hazardous properties of most conventional flame retardants. Herein, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is reported to be a highly efficient "all-in-one" green flame retardant as it consists of three essential groups, which lead to the formation of char with extreme intumescence, namely, three phosphate groups, providing an acid source; one ribose sugar, working as a char source; and one adenine, acting as a blowing agent. Polyurethane foam was used as a model flammable material to demonstrate the exceptional flame retardancy of ATP. The direct flammability tests have clearly shown that the ATP-coated polyurethane (PU) foam almost did not burn upon exposure to the torch flame. Importantly, ATP exhibits an extreme volume increase, whereas general phosphorus-based flame retardants show a negligible increase in volume. The PU foam coated with 30 wt % of ATP (PU-ATP 30 wt %) exhibits a significant reduction in the peak heat release rate (94.3%) with a significant increase in the ignition time, compared to bare PU. In addition, PU-ATP 30 wt % exhibits a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31% and HF-1 rating in the UL94 horizontal burning foamed material test. Additionally, we demonstrated that ATP's flame retardancy is sufficient for other types of matrices such as cotton, as confirmed from the results of the standardized ASTM D6413 test; cotton-ATP 30 wt % exhibits an LOI value of 32% and passes the vertical flame test. These results strongly suggest that ATP has great potential to be used as an "all-in-one" green flame retardant. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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