Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths
| Autor: | Jennifer L. Aliano, Christine French, Carole A. Baggerly, William B. Grant, Henry Lahore, Sharon L. McDonnell, Harjit Pal Bhattoa |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
coronavirus vitamin C Physiology Review chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine prevention Risk Factors cathelicidin Epidemiology Ethnicity 030212 general & internal medicine Vitamin D Minority Groups Nutrition and Dietetics treatment Respiratory tract infections nutrition cytokine storm ascorbic acid Nutrition Therapy Seasons influenza UVB Coronavirus Infections lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply Vitamin medicine.medical_specialty respiratory tract infection solar radiation Pneumonia Viral COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) observational Coronavirus Pneumonia vitamin D lcsh:TX341-641 vitamin D deficiency 03 medical and health sciences Betacoronavirus Asian People Influenza Human medicine Vitamin D and neurology pneumonia Humans Pandemics Vitamin C SARS-CoV-2 business.industry Vitamin D Deficiency medicine.disease Ascorbic acid United Kingdom 030104 developmental biology chemistry Dietary Supplements Cytokine storm business Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Nutrients, 12(4):988 Nutrients Nutrients, Vol 12, Iss 988, p 988 (2020) |
| Popis: | The world is in the grips of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increase concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D3 for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40–60 ng/ml (100–150 nmol/l). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D3 doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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