GI stem cells - new insights into roles in physiology and pathophysiology
| Autor: | Richard J. von Furstenberg, Susan J. Henning |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
inorganic chemicals
0301 basic medicine Physiology fungi LGR5 Biology digestive system Epithelium Pathophysiology 03 medical and health sciences 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine medicine.anatomical_structure Intestinal mucosa Cell culture Homogeneous medicine Stem cell 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of Physiology. 594:4769-4779 |
| ISSN: | 0022-3751 |
| Popis: | This overview gives a brief historical summary of key discoveries regarding stem cells of the small intestine. The current concept is that there are two pools of intestinal stem cells (ISCs): an actively cycling pool that is marked by Lgr5, is relatively homogeneous and is responsible for daily turnover of the epithelium; and a slowly cycling or quiescent pool that functions as reserve ISCs. The latter pool appears to be quite heterogeneous and may include partially differentiated epithelial lineages that can reacquire stem cell characteristics following injury to the intestine. Markers and methods of isolation for active and quiescent ISC populations are described as well as the numerous important advances that have been made in approaches to the in vitro culture of ISCs and crypts. Factors regulating ISC biology are briefly summarized and both known and unknown aspects of the ISC niche are discussed. Although most of our current knowledge regarding ISC physiology and pathophysiology has come from studies with mice, recent work with human tissue highlights the potential translational applications arising from this field of research. Many of these topics are further elaborated in the following articles. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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