Estimating abundances of retroviral insertion sites from DNA fragment length data
| Autor: | Anat Melamed, Nicolas Gillet, Niall Anthony Gormley, Charles R. M. Bangham, Frederic D. Bushman, Charles C. Berry |
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| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Statistics and Probability
Genetics Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 Virus Integration Replicate Biology Amplicon Original Papers HTLV-I Infections Biochemistry Computer Science Applications Computational Mathematics genomic DNA Computational Theory and Mathematics Abundance (ecology) Evolutionary biology Humans Likelihood function Molecular Biology Jackknife resampling Relative species abundance Algorithms |
| Zdroj: | Bioinformatics. 28:755-762 |
| ISSN: | 1367-4811 1367-4803 |
| Popis: | Motivation: The relative abundance of retroviral insertions in a host genome is important in understanding the persistence and pathogenesis of both natural retroviral infections and retroviral gene therapy vectors. It could be estimated from a sample of cells if only the host genomic sites of retroviral insertions could be directly counted. When host genomic DNA is randomly broken via sonication and then amplified, amplicons of varying lengths are produced. The number of unique lengths of amplicons of an insertion site tends to increase according to its abundance, providing a basis for estimating relative abundance. However, as abundance increases amplicons of the same length arise by chance leading to a non-linear relation between the number of unique lengths and relative abundance. The difficulty in calibrating this relation is compounded by sample-specific variations in the relative frequencies of clones of each length. Results: A likelihood function is proposed for the discrete lengths observed in each of a collection of insertion sites and is maximized with a hybrid expectation–maximization algorithm. Patient data illustrate the method and simulations show that relative abundance can be estimated with little bias, but that variation in highly abundant sites can be large. In replicated patient samples, variation exceeds what the model implies—requiring adjustment as in Efron (2004) or using jackknife standard errors. Consequently, it is advantageous to collect replicate samples to strengthen inferences about relative abundance. Availability: An R package implements the algorithm described here. It is available at http://soniclength.r-forge.r-project.org/ Contact: ccberry@ucsd.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at at Bioinformatics online. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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