Effects of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer on performance, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and health scores of dairy heifers

Autor: David V. Jacob, Mariana Magalhães Campos, Sandra Gesteira Coelho, Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva, L. G. R. Pereira, Fernanda Samarini Machado, W. A. Carvalho, Alessandra L. Voorsluys, Anna Luiza Belli, Joana Palhares Campolina, Thierry Ribeiro Tomich
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Physiology
White Blood Cells
chemistry.chemical_compound
Animal Cells
Plant Products
Medicine and Health Sciences
Ingestion
Lymphocytes
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Animal Management
Multidisciplinary
Organic Compounds
Essential Oils
Monosaccharides
Eukaryota
Agriculture
Plants
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Body Fluids
Chemistry
Milk
Blood
Experimental Organism Systems
Physical Sciences
Medicine
Female
Analysis of variance
Anatomy
Cellular Types
Research Article
Diarrhea
Rumen
Nitrogen
Silage
Immune Cells
Science
Immunology
Carbohydrates
Randomized block design
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Biology
Research and Analysis Methods
Beverages
Signs and Symptoms
Model Organisms
Animal science
Starter
Plant and Algal Models
Oils
Volatile
Weaning
Animals
Dry matter
Grasses
Feces
Nutrition
Animal Performance
Blood Cells
Organic Chemistry
Body Weight
Organisms
Chemical Compounds
Biology and Life Sciences
Cell Biology
Fatty Acids
Volatile
Agronomy
Diet
Maize
Blood Cell Count
Blood Counts
Glucose
Animals
Newborn
chemistry
Dietary Supplements
Animal Studies
Urea
Cattle
Clinical Medicine
Crop Science
Zdroj: PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e0231068 (2021)
PLoS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: The aim of this study was to evaluate how the inclusion of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (MR) affects different outcomes of dairy heifers. The outcomes evaluated: feed intake, performance, body development, blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), rumen fermentation, fecal scores, and respiratory scores. All outcomes were evaluated during pre-weaning (4–60 d of age), and carry-over effects during post-weaning (61–90 d of age) periods. The experimental units utilized were 29 newborn Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy heifers, with genetic composition of 5/8 or more Holstein and 3/8 or less Gyr and body weight (BW) at birth of 32.2 ± 5.2 kg. Experimental units were assigned to either a control (CON, n = 15) or a blend of essential oil supplementation (BEO, n = 14) treatment, maintaining a balance of genetic composition. The BEO was supplemented in the MR with 1 g/d/calf of a blend of essential oils (Apex Calf, Adisseo, China) composed by plant extracts derived from anise, cinnamon, garlic, rosemary, and thyme. During the pre-weaning phase, all heifers were fed 5 L of MR/d reconstituted to 15% (dry matter basis), divided into two equal meals. Water and starter were providedad libitum. During the post-weaning, animals received a maximum of 3 kg of starter/d, andad libitumcorn silage, divided into two meals. Feed intake, fecal and respiratory scores were evaluated daily. The BW was measured every three days, while body development was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected on 0, 30, and 60 d of age for total blood cell count, weekly and on the weaning day to determinate ß-hydroxybutyrate, urea and glucose, and biweekly for IGF-1. Ruminal parameters (pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia-N, and acetate:propionate proportion—C2:C3) were measured on days 14, 28, 42, 60, 74 and 90. A randomized complete block design with an interaction between treatment and week was the experimental method of choice to test the hypothesis of the BEO’s effect on all outcomes. An ANOVA procedure was used for continuous outcomes, and a non-parametric test was used for the ordered categorical outcomes, both adopting a CI = 95%. Results indicated that there was not enough evidence to accept the alternative hypothesis of the effect of BEO in MR on feed intake, performance, body development, and blood metabolites during both pre-weaning and post-weaning periods. However, results indicated that the inclusion of BEO in MR significantly affects the proportion of C2:C3 during pre- and post-weaning (P= 0.05). Similarly, the effect was significant for basophil (P≤ 0.001), and platelet (P= 0.04) counts pre-weaning. The interaction between week and treatment was also significant for lymphocytes (P≤ 0.001), revealing a cumulative effect. Lastly, fecal scores were also significant (P= 0.04) during pre-weaning, with lower values for BEO. The BEO contributed to ruminal manipulation in pre-weaning and carry-over effects in post-weaning, immunity improvement, and decreased morbidity of neonatal diarrhea in the pre-weaning phase.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: