Epstein–Barr Virus Reactivation-Induced Immunoglobulin Production: Significance on Autoimmunity
| Autor: | Kazuhiko Hayashi, Keiko Nagata |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) reactivation IgM autoimmune disease Review medicine.disease_cause Microbiology Virus Autoimmunity 03 medical and health sciences Classical complement pathway 0302 clinical medicine Virology medicine complement thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) lcsh:QH301-705.5 Autoimmune disease biology Autoantibody Germinal center medicine.disease Epstein–Barr virus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) 030104 developmental biology lcsh:Biology (General) 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Immunology biology.protein Antibody Graves’ disease |
| Zdroj: | Microorganisms, Vol 8, Iss 1875, p 1875 (2020) Microorganisms |
| ISSN: | 2076-2607 |
| Popis: | Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) mainly persists in B cells, which differentiate into antibody-producing cells, and thus, EBV has been implicated in autoimmune diseases. We aimed to describe the EBV reactivation and its relevance to autoimmune disease, focusing on Graves’ disease, which is an autoimmune hyperthyroidism caused by thyrotropin receptor antibodies. Circulating autoreactive B cells that have evaded from the selection have difficulties differentiating to produce antibodies. However, once EBV infects such B cells and reactivates, the B cells may become plasma cells and produce autoantibody. We herein proposed an EBV reactivation-induced Ig production system, which is a distinct pathway from the antibody production system through germinal centers and bone marrow and has the following characteristics: 1. IgM dominance, 2. ubiquitous Ig production, and 3. the rescue of autoreactive B cells, which skews Ig production toward autoantigens. IgM autoantibodies induced by EBV reactivation may activate the classical complement pathway and injure healthy tissue, which supply autoantigens for the production of affinity-matured IgG autoantibodies. Antibodies induced by EBV reactivation may play important roles in the development and exacerbation of autoimmune diseases. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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