Estudio in vitro sobre hongos solubilizadores de fósforo bajo diferentes fuentes de carbono y nitrógeno

Autor: Arias Mota, Rosa María, Hernández Merel, Norberto Daniel, Perea Rojas, Yamel del Carmen, de la Cruz Elizondo, Yadeneyro
Jazyk: Spanish; Castilian
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5112008
Popis: RESUMEN Antecedentes: Los hongos solubilizadores de fósforo juegan un papel muy importante en el ciclo del fósforo porque pueden transformarlo de insoluble a soluble; estos organismos dependen de los nutrientes del medio para su desarrollo y su actividad en los procesos biogeoquímicos. Objetivo: Evaluar a nivel in vitro la capacidad de tres cepas de hongos para solubilizar fosfato con diferentes fuentes de carbono y de nitrógeno y relacionar la solubilización con el pH del medio de cultivo y biomasa fúngica. Métodos: Las cepas utilizadas fueron Aspergillus niger, Penicillium brevicompactum y P. waksmanii, estas se inocularon con diferentes fuentes de carbono (arabinosa, fructosa y glucosa) y de nitrógeno (asparagina, sulfato de amonio y urea); como testigo se utilizó el medio sin carbono/nitrógeno. Cada tercer día se midió el fósforo soluble, el pH del medio de cultivo y la biomasa fúngica. Resultados y discusión: En los datos con las fuentes de carbono, la cepa de A. niger mostró una mayor solubilización en presencia de glucosa, mientras que para P. waksmanii y P. brevicompactum la mayor solubilización se presentó con fructosa. Respecto a las fuentes de nitrógeno, para A. niger, el sulfato de amonio favoreció una mayor solubilización, mientras que en P. brevicompactum y P. waksmanii fue el tratamiento con control (nitrógeno limitado). Mediante regresiones se detectó que en A. niger y P. brevicompactum con diferentes fuentes de carbono, que la capacidad de solubilizar fosfato tricálcico aumentó significativamente con la acidificación del medio de cultivo y con la biomasa fúngica. Sin embargo, para las tres cepas evaluadas en diferentes fuentes de nitrógeno, la actividad fosfato solubilizadora no se relacionó significativamente con el pH del medio de cultivo ni con la biomasa fúngica. ABSTRACT Background: Phosphorus solubilizing fungi are very important in the phosphorus cycle because they can transform it from insoluble to soluble. These organisms depend on the nutrients of the environment for their development and are active in biogeochemical processes. Objective: Evaluate in vitro the capacity of three strains of fungi to solubilize phosphate with different carbon and nitrogen sources and to relate the solubility with the pH of the culture medium and fungal biomass. Methods: The strains used were Aspergillus niger, Penicillium brevicompactum, and P. waksmanii, they were inoculated with carbon sources (arabinose, fructose, and glucose), and nitrogen sources (asparagine, ammonium sulfate, and urea); as a control, we used the medium without carbon/nitrogen. During a month, every third day, the soluble phosphorus, the pH in the culture medium, and the fungal biomass was measured. Results and discussion: Among the data with carbon sources, when the strain of A. niger grew with glucose, it presented the highest solubilization, while for P. waksmanii and P. brevicompactum, it was detected the highest solubilization when grown with fructose. Regarding the nitrogen sources, for A. niger, the growth with ammonium sulfate favored higher solubilization, while in P. brevicompactum and P. waksmanii, it was with the control treatment (limited nitrogen). By regression we detected that in A. niger and P. brevicompactum with different carbon sources, that the capacity to solubilize tricalcium phosphate significantly increased with the acidification of the culture medium and with the fungal biomass. However, for the three strains evaluated in different nitrogen sources, the solubilizing phosphate activity was not significantly related to the pH of the culture medium or to the fungal biomass.
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