Cytoplasmic Acidification and the Benzoate Transcriptome in Bacillus subtilis
| Autor: | Joan L. Slonczewski, Ryan D. Kitko, Melanie B. Berkmen, Brian D. Jones, Erin I. Armentrout, Ken Noguchi, Rebecca Cleeton, Grace E. Lee |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Cytoplasm
Operon Green Fluorescent Proteins lcsh:Medicine Down-Regulation Bacillus subtilis Microbiology Benzoates Transcriptome 03 medical and health sciences Stress Physiological Gene expression Cluster Analysis Microbiology/Environmental Microbiology lcsh:Science 030304 developmental biology 2. Zero hunger 0303 health sciences Multidisciplinary biology 030306 microbiology Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Gene Expression Profiling lcsh:R Gene Expression Regulation Bacterial Hydrogen-Ion Concentration biology.organism_classification Up-Regulation Regulon Biochemistry lcsh:Q Microbiology/Microbial Physiology and Metabolism Hydrochloric Acid Homeostasis Bacteria Research Article |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 12, p e8255 (2009) |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND:Bacillus subtilis encounters a wide range of environmental pH. The bacteria maintain cytoplasmic pH within a narrow range. Response to acid stress is a poorly understood function of external pH and of permeant acids that conduct protons into the cytoplasm. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Cytoplasmic acidification and the benzoate transcriptome were observed in Bacillus subtilis. Cytoplasmic pH was measured with 4-s time resolution using GFPmut3b fluorimetry. Rapid external acidification (pH 7.5 to 6.0) acidified the B. subtilis cytoplasm, followed by partial recovery. Benzoate addition up to 60 mM at external pH 7 depressed cytoplasmic pH but left a transmembrane Delta pH permitting growth; this robust adaptation to benzoate exceeds that seen in E. coli. Cytoplasmic pH was depressed by 0.3 units during growth with 30 mM benzoate. The transcriptome of benzoate-adapted cells was determined by comparing 4,095 gene expression indices following growth at pH 7, +/- 30 mM benzoate. 164 ORFs showed > or = 2-fold up-regulation by benzoate (30 mM benzoate/0 mM), and 102 ORFs showed > or = 2-fold down-regulation. 42% of benzoate-dependent genes are regulated up or down, respectively, at pH 6 versus pH 7; they are candidates for cytoplasmic pH response. Acid-stress genes up-regulated by benzoate included drug resistance genes (yhbI, yhcA, yuxJ, ywoGH); an oligopeptide transporter (opp); glycine catabolism (gcvPA-PB); acetate degradation (acsA); dehydrogenases (ald, fdhD, serA, yrhEFG, yjgCD); the TCA cycle (citZ, icd, mdh, sucD); and oxidative stress (OYE-family yqjM, ohrB). Base-stress genes down-regulated by benzoate included malate metabolism (maeN), sporulation control (spo0M, spo0E), and the SigW alkali shock regulon. Cytoplasmic pH could mediate alkali-shock induction of SigW. CONCLUSIONS:B. subtilis maintains partial pH homeostasis during growth, and withstands high concentrations of permeant acid stress, higher than for gram-negative neutralophile E. coli. The benzoate adaptation transcriptome substantially overlaps that of external acid, contributing to a cytoplasmic pH transcriptome. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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