Managing Water Quality in Premise Plumbing: Subject Matter Experts’ Perspectives and a Systematic Review of Guidance Documents
| Autor: | Saurajyoti Kar, Rajveer Singh, Sheldon Masters, Kerry A. Hamilton, Zhao Yang, Rasheduzzaman, Patrick L. Gurian, Angelita Fasnacht |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:Hydraulic engineering
Process management Computer science mycobacteria Geography Planning and Development Legionella 010501 environmental sciences Aquatic Science 01 natural sciences Biochemistry Setpoint 03 medical and health sciences lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes 0302 clinical medicine lcsh:TC1-978 030212 general & internal medicine 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology lcsh:TD201-500 water quality in buildings Guidance documents disinfectant residual opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens water heater setpoint temperature Compendium Water heater legionella Subject-matter expert Water temperature Premise Water quality guidance documents |
| Zdroj: | Water Volume 12 Issue 2 Water, Vol 12, Iss 2, p 347 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4441 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/w12020347 |
| Popis: | Although many guidance documents have been developed to inform the design and operation of building water systems to ensure safe water quality, there is a lack of consensus on some topics. This study interviewed 22 subject matter experts (SMEs) to identify topics of concern for managing water quality in buildings and compared SME views with information available on these topics in 15 systematically screened important guidance documents. The study found 18 design and 11 operational topics as critical for managing water quality in buildings. No one guidance document addressed all these topics, suggesting that a compendium of available guidance is needed. SMEs most frequently recommended temperature and residual disinfectant measurements as good parameters for monitoring overall building water quality. Both SME and guidance document recommendations for temperature for controlling opportunistic pathogen growth were reasonably consistent with water heater setpoint > 60 ° C. However, hot water temperature recommendations varied between 50 and 55 ° C for other locations (i.e., the water temperature at the tap or end of the return loop). On the contrary, recommendations for disinfectant residual levels (0.2&ndash 2.0 mg/L), flushing frequency (1&ndash 14 days), and allowable time for hot water to reach the tap (10&ndash 60 s) were not consistent. While this study was able to reconcile diverging views on some of the water quality topics, such as identifying common guidance for water heater set point to at least 60 ° C, it also highlights lack of definitive guidance on other critical topics, such as residual level, flushing frequency, hot water time to tap, and the use of thermostatic mixing valves, indicating that these are significant knowledge gaps that need further investigation. The study concludes that there is a need for developing evidence-based guidance, particularly on the topics where expert opinions diverged. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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