The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies
| Autor: | Guanghui Dong, Sihao Wu, Yang Xu, Qingyan Dai, Xingjun Hu, Chao Ning, Idilisi Abuduresule, Xiaotian Feng, Linyuan Fan, Zihua Tang, Qiaomei Fu, Martine Robbeets, Chunxiang Li, Choongwon Jeong, Wenying Li, Pengcheng Ma, Yinqiu Cui, Wenjun Wang, Rasmus Bjørn, Hui Zhou, Feng Liu, Alipujiang Niyazi, R. Yang, Ashley Scott, Johannes Krause, Shao-Qing Wen, Qiurong Ruan, Shizhu Gao, Fan Zhang, Hong Zhu, Peng Cao, Vikas Kumar, Christina Warinner, Dong Wei |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Proteomics China Proteome Population genetics Human Migration Genomic data Pastoralism Tarim basin Structural basin Inner Asia Article Evolutionary genetics 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Bronze Age Animals Humans Dental Calculus Local population History Ancient Phylogeny 030304 developmental biology Principal Component Analysis 0303 health sciences Cultural Characteristics Sheep Multidisciplinary Whole Genome Sequencing Genome Human Goats Agriculture Genomics Mummies Milk Proteins Grassland Archaeology Diet Europe Phylogeography Geography Cattle Female Desert Climate 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Nature |
| ISSN: | 1476-4687 0028-0836 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7 |
| Popis: | The identity of the earliest inhabitants of Xinjiang, in the heart of Inner Asia, and the languages that they spoke have long been debated and remain contentious1. Here we present genomic data from 5 individuals dating to around 3000–2800 bc from the Dzungarian Basin and 13 individuals dating to around 2100–1700 bc from the Tarim Basin, representing the earliest yet discovered human remains from North and South Xinjiang, respectively. We find that the Early Bronze Age Dzungarian individuals exhibit a predominantly Afanasievo ancestry with an additional local contribution, and the Early–Middle Bronze Age Tarim individuals contain only a local ancestry. The Tarim individuals from the site of Xiaohe further exhibit strong evidence of milk proteins in their dental calculus, indicating a reliance on dairy pastoralism at the site since its founding. Our results do not support previous hypotheses for the origin of the Tarim mummies, who were argued to be Proto-Tocharian-speaking pastoralists descended from the Afanasievo1,2 or to have originated among the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex3 or Inner Asian Mountain Corridor cultures4. Instead, although Tocharian may have been plausibly introduced to the Dzungarian Basin by Afanasievo migrants during the Early Bronze Age, we find that the earliest Tarim Basin cultures appear to have arisen from a genetically isolated local population that adopted neighbouring pastoralist and agriculturalist practices, which allowed them to settle and thrive along the shifting riverine oases of the Taklamakan Desert. A genomic analysis of human remains from the Bronze Age provides insights into the origin of the Tarim Basin mummies from the Xinjiang region. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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