Modified and unmodified technical lignins as flame retardants for polypropylene
| Autor: | Tarja Tamminen, Tuula Hakkarainen, Antti Paajanen, Petri Widsten, Tiina Liitiä |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Polypropylene
flame retardant thermal properties lignin micro-scale combustion calorimetry Chemical modification 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences Biomaterials chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Chemical engineering Lignin chemical modification 0210 nano-technology polypropylene Fire retardant |
| Zdroj: | Widsten, P, Tamminen, T, Paajanen, A, Hakkarainen, T & Liitiä, T 2021, ' Modified and unmodified technical lignins as flame retardants for polypropylene ', Holzforschung, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 584-590 . https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2020-0147 |
| ISSN: | 1437-434X 0018-3830 |
| DOI: | 10.1515/hf-2020-0147 |
| Popis: | Polyolefins used in building materials and furniture require the use of flame-retardant (FR) additives to improve their fire safety. Such additives should be safe to humans and the environment, and preferably bio-based. In the present work, the FR performance of unmodified and chemically modified technical lignins was compared to that of the ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol (APP/PER) intumescent system in a polypropylene (PP) matrix. Micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC) was used to study the peak heat release rate (PHR), temperature at PHR (TPHR), total heat release (THR) and char yield upon thermal decomposition of milligram-scale specimens. The PP/lignin composites showed up to 41% lower PHR and up to 36% lower THR compared to pure PP as well as large char residues. Based on the same parameters, especially the PP/lignin composites made with modified lignins outperformed the reference PP/APP/PER system and the PP/APP/lignin composites where unmodified lignin was used with APP. The most promising PP/lignin composites were prepared with partially demethylated/demethoxylated and depolymerised kraft lignin (‘CatLignin’), modified by the Mannich reaction to a nitrogen content of 13.5%. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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