Local Respiratory Viral Surveillance Can Focus Public Health Interventions to Decrease Influenza Disease Burden

Autor:	Kurt E. Schaecher, Martin G. Ottolini, Elena Crouch, Allison M. W. Malloy, Erin Jacobs, Jonathan Gonzalez, Margaret Kehl
Rok vydání:	2021
Předmět:	medicine.medical_specialty Disease 030312 virology medicine.disease_cause 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cost of Illness Immunity Internal medicine Influenza Human medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Adverse effect Disease burden 0303 health sciences business.industry Influenza A Virus H3N2 Subtype Influenzavirus B Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Outbreak General Medicine Vaccine efficacy Influenza Vaccines Enterovirus Public Health Seasons business
Zdroj:	Military Medicine. 186:76-81
ISSN:	1930-613X 0026-4075
DOI:	10.1093/milmed/usaa238
Popis:	Background Respiratory viruses are an important cause of nonbattle injury disease and contribute to the top seven reasons for medical encounters. In the absence of vaccines that provide complete protection against these viruses, viral surveillance can identify disease burden and target virus-specific preventative measures. Influenza infection, in particular, has significant adverse effects on force readiness. Methods We tracked the frequency of 16 respiratory viruses at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center tested for during routine patient care using multiplex polymerase chain reaction and rapid antigen testing. We collected data on the date and location of the testing, as well as the age of the individual tested from two consecutive respiratory viral seasons. Results During the first year of data compilation (2017-2018), 2556 tests were performed; 342 (13.4%) were positive for influenza A and 119 (4.7%) were positive for influenza B. After influenza, the most common families of viruses identified were rhino/enterovirus (490 [19.2%]). During the second year (2018-2019), 4,458 tests were run; 564 (12.7%) were positive for influenza A and 35 (0.79%) were positive for influenza B, while rhino/enterovirus was identified in 690 (15.4%). Influenza peaked early during the 2017-2018 season and later during the 2018-2019 season. Importantly, during the 2017-2018 season, the vaccine was less effective for the H3N2 strain circulating that year and viral surveillance quickly identified a hospital-specific outbreak and a larger disease burden. This was in contrast to the 2018-2019 vaccine which exhibited higher effectiveness for circulating strains. Conclusion Our data highlight the seasonality of respiratory viruses with a focus on influenza. By tracking respiratory viruses in Department of Defense communities, we may be able to predict when influenza may cause the greatest burden for distinct organizational regions and prescribe with greater precision preventative protocols by location, as well as rapidly determine vaccine efficacy. Our current data suggest that when vaccine strains are mismatched, rapid upfront targeting of antivirals may be warranted, but when the vaccine strains are better matched, late season peaks of disease may indicate waning immunity and should be monitored.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::cc7a5276a639e40978ccd78f84916797 https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa238 Zobrazit plný text záznamu Plný text ve formátu PDF Plný text ve formátu HTML
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje	K zobrazení výsledku je třeba se přihlásit.