Sodium Hypochlorite Inactivates Lipoteichoic Acid of Enterococcus faecalis by Deacylation
| Autor: | Seung Hyun Han, Kee-Yeon Kum, Jung Eun Baik, Sun Woong Hong, Seok-Seong Kang, Cheol-Heui Yun |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Lipopolysaccharides
0301 basic medicine Sodium Hypochlorite CHO Cells Biology Nitric Oxide Virulence factor Enterococcus faecalis Microbiology Nitric oxide Mice 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Cricetulus 0302 clinical medicine Interferon medicine Animals Interferon gamma General Dentistry RAW 264.7 Cells Chemokine CCL3 Root Canal Irrigants Macrophages 030206 dentistry biology.organism_classification Toll-Like Receptor 2 Chemokine CXCL10 Teichoic Acids 030104 developmental biology chemistry Sodium hypochlorite Lipoteichoic acid Periapical Periodontitis medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Endodontics. 42:1503-1508 |
| ISSN: | 0099-2399 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.joen.2016.06.018 |
| Popis: | Introduction Enterococcus faecalis is a pathogenic gram-positive bacterium closely associated with apical periodontitis. Although sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been used as a common endodontic irrigant to eradicate bacteria in the root canal, it has not been elucidated whether NaOCl attenuates the inflammatory response induced by the E. faecalis virulence factor lipoteichoic acid (EfLTA). Methods Structurally intact EfLTA purified from E. faecalis was treated with NaOCl at various concentrations and time periods. Murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was treated with interferon gamma followed by treatment with intact or NaOCl-treated EfLTA to determine the inducibility of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, interferon gamma–inducible protein 10, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α. Reporter gene assays assessed by flow cytometry were used to examine the ability of intact or NaOCl-treated EfLTA to activate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which is known to recognize EfLTA on host cells. Structural damage of EfLTA by NaOCl was examined using silver staining and thin-layer chromatography. Results NaOCl-treated EfLTA showed markedly less induction of nitric oxide, interferon gamma–inducible protein 10, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α in RAW 264.7 cells compared with intact EfLTA. In contrast to intact EfLTA that potently stimulated TLR2 activation, NaOCl-treated EfLTA did not activate TLR2. Structural analysis showed that NaOCl damaged EfLTA structure by deacylation. Conclusions NaOCl deacylates the glycolipid moiety of EfLTA, which fails to activate TLR2, leading to the reduced production of inflammatory mediators. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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