Schistosoma mansoni Eggs Modulate the Timing of Granuloma Formation to Promote Transmission
| Autor: | Antonio J. Pagán, Kevin K. Takaki, Matthew Berriman, Gabriel Rinaldi, Lalita Ramakrishnan |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Takaki, Kevin [0000-0002-4790-4598], Ramakrishnan, Lalita [0000-0003-0692-5533], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Granuloma formation
granulomas 030231 tropical medicine Schistosoma egg extrusion Biology Microbiology Article 03 medical and health sciences Feces Mice 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Antigen Virology hemic and lymphatic diseases schistosomiasis medicine Parasite hosting Helminths Animals Humans Parasite transmission Eggshell innate immunity 030304 developmental biology Ovum helminths miracidia 0303 health sciences Innate immune system Granuloma Granuloma Foreign-Body Macrophages Schistosoma mansoni medicine.disease biology.organism_classification zebrafish Schistosoma egg translocation Immunity Innate Schistosomiasis mansoni 3. Good health Cell biology Intestines embryonic structures Parasitology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Foreign body granuloma |
| Zdroj: | Cell Host & Microbe |
| Popis: | Summary Schistosome eggs provoke the formation of granulomas, organized immune aggregates, around them. For the host, the granulomatous response can be both protective and pathological. Granulomas are also postulated to facilitate egg extrusion through the gut lumen, a necessary step for parasite transmission. We used zebrafish larvae to visualize the granulomatous response to Schistosomamansoni eggs and inert egg-sized beads. Mature eggs rapidly recruit macrophages, which form granulomas within days. Beads also induce granulomas rapidly, through a foreign body response. Strikingly, immature eggs do not recruit macrophages, revealing that the eggshell is immunologically inert. Our findings suggest that the eggshell inhibits foreign body granuloma formation long enough for the miracidium to mature. Then parasite antigens secreted through the eggshell trigger granulomas that facilitate egg extrusion into the environment. In support of this model, we find that only mature S. mansoni eggs are shed into the feces of mice and humans. Graphical Abstract Highlights • Foreign bodies are walled off by immune structures called granulomas • Schistosoma mansoni eggshells prevent the formation of granulomas around immature parasites • Secreted antigens from mature parasites induce granulomas that promote egg shedding • S. mansoni modulates granuloma formation to selectively shed mature eggs into feces Using a zebrafish model, Takaki et al. show that the Schistosoma mansoni eggshell acts as an immunologically inert barrier, preventing the formation of granulomas around immature eggs. Mouse and human data support the model that secreted antigens from maturing parasites stimulate granulomas to selectively shed only mature eggs into the environment to restart their life cycle. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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