Diphtheria outbreak in Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 2012–2013
| Autor: | Adam MacNeil, Kathleen Wannemuehler, Margaret L. Watkins, James L. Goodson, Carolyn Sein, Phouthone Souliphone, Rita Reyburn, Tejpratap S P Tiwari, Chanthavy Soulaphy, Alejandro Ramirez Gonzalez |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Diphtheria Toxoid Article Disease Outbreaks Herd immunity 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Environmental health Epidemiology Humans Medicine 030212 general & internal medicine Child Retrospective Studies Diphtheria toxin General Veterinary General Immunology and Microbiology Immunization Programs business.industry Diphtheria Vaccination Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Infant Outbreak Odds ratio medicine.disease Pharyngitis 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Laos Case-Control Studies Child Preschool Epidemiological Monitoring Molecular Medicine Female medicine.symptom business |
| Zdroj: | Vaccine |
| ISSN: | 0264-410X |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND: Diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable disease. When vaccination coverage and population immunity are low, outbreaks can occur. We investigated a diphtheria outbreak in Lao People’s Democratic Republic that occurred during 2012–2013 and highlighted challenges in immunization services delivery to children in the country. METHODS: We reviewed diphtheria surveillance data from April 1, 2012–May 31, 2013. A diphtheria case was defined as a respiratory illness consisting of pharyngitis, tonsillitis, or laryngitis, and an adherent tonsillar or nasopharyngeal pseudomembrane. To identify potential risk factors for diphtheria, we conducted a retrospective case-control study with two aged-matched neighborhood controls per case-patient in Houaphan Province, using bivariate analysis to calculate matched odds ratio (mOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Reasons for non-vaccination among unvaccinated persons were assessed. RESULTS: Sixty-two clinical cases of diphtheria and 12 diphtheria-related deaths were reported in seven of 17 provinces. Among case-patients, 43 (69%) were |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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