Modifiable risk factors for the prevention of bladder cancer: a systematic review of meta-analyses
| Autor: | Anke Wesselius, Annemie M. W. J. Schols, Maurice P. Zeegers, Kelly F. J. Stewart, Abdulmohsen H. Al-Zalabani |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Promovendi NTM, Genetica & Celbiologie, RS: NUTRIM - R4 - Gene-environment interaction, Complexe Genetica, Pulmonologie, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Chronic inflammatory disease and wasting, RS: CAPHRI - R5 - Optimising Patient Care |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Epidemiology medicine.medical_treatment Disease Review Toxicology 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Meta-Analysis as Topic Internal medicine Occupational Exposure medicine Vitamin D and neurology Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Obesity Risk factor Occupations Exercise Occupation Bladder cancer Cruciferous vegetables business.industry Vitamin E Prevention Smoking medicine.disease Lifestyle Diet Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Risk factors 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Female business |
| Zdroj: | European Journal of Epidemiology European Journal of Epidemiology, 31(9), 811-851. Springer, Cham |
| ISSN: | 1573-7284 0393-2990 |
| Popis: | Each year, 430,000 people are diagnosed with bladder cancer. Due to the high recurrence rate of the disease, primary prevention is paramount. Therefore, we reviewed all meta-analyses on modifiable risk factors of primary bladder cancer. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane database were systematically searched for meta-analyses on modifiable risk factors published between 1995 and 2015. When appropriate, meta-analyses (MA) were combined in meta–meta-analysis (MMA). If not, the most comprehensive MA was selected based on the number of primary studies included. Probability of causation was calculated for individual factors and a subset of lifestyle factors combined. Of 1496 articles identified, 5 were combined in MMA and 21 were most comprehensive on a single risk factor. Statistically significant associations were found for current (RR 3.14) or former (RR 1.83) cigarette smoking, pipe (RR 1.9) or cigar (RR 2.3) smoking, antioxidant supplementation (RR 1.52), obesity (RR 1.10), higher physical activity levels (RR 0.86), higher body levels of selenium (RR 0.61) and vitamin D (RR 0.75), and higher intakes of: processed meat (RR 1.22), vitamin A (RR 0.82), vitamin E (RR 0.82), folate (RR 0.84), fruit (RR 0.77), vegetables (RR 0.83), citrus fruit (RR 0.85), and cruciferous vegetables (RR 0.84). Finally, three occupations with the highest risk were tobacco workers (RR 1.72), dye workers (RR 1.58), and chimney sweeps (RR 1.53). The probability of causation for individual factors ranged from 4 to 68 %. The combined probability of causation was 81.8 %. Modification of lifestyle and occupational exposures can considerably reduce the bladder cancer burden. While smoking remains one of the key risk factors, also several diet-related and occupational factors are very relevant. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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