Hepatocellular carcinoma, novel therapies on the horizon
| Autor: | Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, Iman Makki, Imane El Dika |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Oncology Sorafenib medicine.medical_specialty Carcinoma Hepatocellular Cabozantinib Pembrolizumab Article Ramucirumab 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Atezolizumab Internal medicine Regorafenib medicine Humans Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) business.industry Liver Neoplasms General Medicine 030104 developmental biology tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) chemistry 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Immunotherapy Nivolumab Neoplasm Recurrence Local Lenvatinib business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Chinese clinical oncology |
| ISSN: | 2304-3873 2304-3865 |
| Popis: | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is associated with high mortality rate. Incidence remains high due to the persistent prevalence of viral hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NFLD). Despite screening efforts, the majority of patients present with advanced disease, add to the high risk of recurrence after curative surgery. Conventional chemotherapy did not alter the nature history of advanced and metastatic HCC. The discovery of multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) led to the approval of sorafenib as first efficacious therapy. A new era in the treatment paradigm of HCC is evolving. Since the advent of sorafenib as an active treatment option for patients presenting with advanced or metastatic disease, several agents have been examined. This was linked with many failures, and success stories to celebrate. Herein, we describe the historical progress and current advances of systemic therapies post-sorafenib. Lenvatinib, regorafenib, cabozantinib, ramucirumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab, are all presently added and available therapeutic options in the advanced setting. The evaluation of novel treatment combinations including anti-angiogenic, TKIs plus checkpoint inhibitors, add to dual checkpoint inhibitors is evolving rapidly starting with the advent of the combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. Combining local and systemic therapies is being actively investigated, as an option for locally advanced disease conventionally treated with locoregional approaches. The horizon remains promising and continues to evolve for HCC a disease long considered with unmet needs. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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