Stocks, Flows, and Distribution of Critical Metals in Embedded Electronics in Passenger Vehicles
| Autor: | Amund N. Løvik, Patrick Wäger, Eliette Restrepo, Radek Lonka, Daniel Müller, Rolf Widmer |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Electric motor
Engineering 020209 energy Rare earth Automotive industry 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Environment 01 natural sciences Automotive engineering law.invention law 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Environmental Chemistry Alternator Recycling 0105 earth and related environmental sciences business.industry Material flow analysis Embedded electronics General Chemistry Automotive electronics Metals Electronics business Automobiles Electronic power steering |
| Zdroj: | Environmental sciencetechnology. 51(3) |
| ISSN: | 1520-5851 |
| Popis: | One of the major applications of critical metals (CMs) is in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), which is increasingly embedded in other products, notably passenger vehicles. However, recycling strategies for future CM quantities in end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) are poorly understood, mainly due to a limited understating of the complexity of automotive embedded EEE. We introduce a harmonization of the network structure of automotive electronics that enables a comprehensive quantification of CMs in all embedded EEE in a vehicle. This network is combined with a material flow analysis along the vehicle lifecycle in Switzerland to quantify the stocks and flows of Ag, Au, Pd, Ru, Dy, La, Nd, and Co in automotive embedded EEE. In vehicles in use, we calculated 5–2+3 t precious metals in controllers embedded in all vehicle types and 220–60+90 t rare earth elements (REE); found mainly in five electric motors: alternator, starter, radiator-fan and electronic power steering motor embedded in conventional passe... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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