Evaluation of anaesthesia and analgesia quality during disbudding of goat kids by certified Swiss farmers
| Autor: | N. Wagmann, U. Morath-Huss, Gertraud Schüpbach-Regula, Patrik Zanolari, Claudia Spadavecchia |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Xylazine Younger age Dose Lidocaine 040301 veterinary sciences 610 Medicine & health Injections Intramuscular 0403 veterinary science Anaesthesia Acepromazine Animals Medicine Anesthesia 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Ketamine 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology Significant risk Goat kid Cautery disbudding Horns Analgesics lcsh:Veterinary medicine General Veterinary 630 Agriculture business.industry Goats 05 social sciences 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences General Medicine Breed lcsh:SF600-1100 590 Animals (Zoology) Female Analgesia business Switzerland Research Article medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Wagmann, Nicole; Spadavecchia, Claudia; Morath, Ute; Schüpbach, Gertraud Irene; Zanolari, Patrik (2018). Evaluation of anaesthesia and analgesia quality during disbudding of goat kids by certified Swiss farmers. BMC veterinary research, 14(1), p. 220. BioMed Central 10.1186/s12917-018-1544-7 BMC Veterinary Research, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2018) BMC Veterinary Research |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12917-018-1544-7 |
| Popis: | Background Certified Swiss farmers are allowed to disbud their goat kids using a standard intramuscularly administered anaesthetic mixture. This mixture, containing xylazine and ketamine, is officially distributed with the goal to provide a painless disbudding. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of analgesia and anaesthesia achieved during disbudding, when performed by Swiss farmers. To assess this, 174 goat kids at 31 different farms were observed and filmed during cautery disbudding. Results The standard anaesthetic mixture (0.05 mg/kg xylazine and 20 mg/kg ketamine) was used only in 71 goat kids. Fifty-eight goat kids were anaesthetised with different dosages of xylazine (median 0.18 mg/kg) and ketamine (median 10 mg/kg), 22 with xylazine only (median 0.61 mg/kg), 20 with xylazine (median 1.84 mg/kg) and perineural lidocaine (median 1.23 mg/kg), three with acepromazine (dosage unknown) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). Based on vocalisation, limb movement and head lifting during disbudding, a general reaction score was attributed to 168 goat kids (six were excluded due to firm restraint): 56.5% were scored zero (no limb movement, no vocalisation), 7.7% one, 17.3% two and 18.5% three (strong movements, vocalisation). Significant risk factors for higher reaction scores were the type of anaesthetic protocol and manipulation by the farmer during induction. Significant risk factors for longer recoveries were use of xylazine alone or xylazine in combination with perineural lidocaine, breed, younger age and recovery underneath heat lamp. Conclusions The present study indicates that anaesthesia and analgesia of goat kids disbudded by Swiss farmers is inadequate, as 35.8% of the animals showed moderate to strong behavioural reactions during the procedure. Unexpectedly, only 40.8% of the goat kids were anaesthetised with the standard anaesthetic mixture and several other protocols were used. A refinement of the recommended protocol is urgently needed to guarantee animal welfare. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1544-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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