Spontaneous white matter damage, cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in middle-aged hypertensive rats: an animal model of early-stage cerebral small vessel disease
| Autor: | Sebastian Baasch, Claudia Pösel, Gesa Weise, Donald Lobsien, Alexander Kranz, Jens Minnerup, Johannes Boltze, Johanna Scheibe, Kai Diederich, Daniel-Christoph Wagner, Karoline Möller, Matthias Gawlitza, Daniel Kaiser |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Publica |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Neuroimmunomodulation T-Lymphocytes T cells Blood–brain barrier Rats Inbred WKY Pathology and Forensic Medicine White matter Random Allocation Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Cerebrospinal fluid Atrophy Spontaneously hypertensive rat Neuroinflammation Rats Inbred SHR Leukocytes medicine Animals Gliosis Cognitive decline Memory Disorders cerebral small vessel disease Research Brain Organ Size medicine.disease White Matter Interleukin-10 Killer Cells Natural Disease Models Animal medicine.anatomical_structure Blood-Brain Barrier Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases Leukocyte Common Antigens Choroid plexus Neurology (clinical) Cognition Disorders Psychology spontaneously hypertensive rats white matter disease |
| Zdroj: | Acta Neuropathologica Communications |
| ISSN: | 2051-5960 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s40478-014-0169-8 |
| Popis: | Introduction Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders. The progressive remodeling of brain microvessels due to arterial hypertension or other vascular risk factors causes subtle, but constant cognitive decline through to manifest dementia and substantially increases the risk for stroke. Preliminary evidence suggests the contribution of the immune system to disease initiation and progression, but a more detailed understanding is impaired by the unavailability of appropriate animal models. Here, we introduce the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as a model for early onset cSVD and unveiled substantial immune changes in conjunction with brain abnormalities that resemble clinical findings. Results In contrast to age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, male SHR exhibited non-spatial memory deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging showed brain atrophy and a reduction of white matter volumes in SHR. Histological analyses confirmed white matter demyelination and unveiled a circumscribed blood brain barrier dysfunction in conjunction with micro- and macrogliosis in deep cortical regions. Flow cytometry and histological analyses further revealed substantial disparities in cerebral CD45high leukocyte counts and distribution patterns between SHR and WKY. SHR showed lower counts of T cells in the choroid plexus and meningeal spaces as well as decreased interleukin-10 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. On the other hand, both T and NK cells were significantly augmented in the SHR brain microvasculature. Conclusions Our results indicate that SHR share behavioral and neuropathological characteristics with human cSVD patients and further undergird the relevance of immune responses for the initiation and progression of cSVD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-014-0169-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|