Five-Year Follow-Up on the Prevalence and Intensity of Infections of Schistosoma mansoni in a Hard-to-Reach District of Madagascar
| Autor: | Caitlin Sheehy, Glenn T. Edosoa, Emmanuel H Andriamasy, Sheena M. Cruickshank, Anjara Mihaja Nandimbiniaina, Alain M. Rahetilahy, Alice Reid, Gina U. Raderalazasoa, J Russell Stothard, Antsa Andrianiaina, James M StJ Penney, Kate Hyde, Hannah J Russell, Stephen A. Spencer, Amaya L. Bustinduy, Cortland Linder, Daniel A L Rakotomampianina, Tahiry N. Ranaivoson |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent media_common.quotation_subject 030231 tropical medicine Schistosomiasis wa_395 Praziquantel 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Biomphalaria pfeifferi Hygiene Virology Environmental health parasitic diseases medicine Madagascar Prevalence Animals Humans Child Eggs per gram Schistosoma media_common Anthelmintics biology business.industry Public health qv_253 Articles Schistosoma mansoni biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Schistosomiasis mansoni Infectious Diseases qx_675 qx_355 Child Preschool Chronic Disease Mass Drug Administration Parasitology Female business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
| ISSN: | 1476-1645 0002-9637 |
| Popis: | Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in Madagascar. The WHO recommends preventive chemotherapy by mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel as the primary approach to control Schistosoma mansoni–related morbidity in endemic populations, alongside complementary interventions such as health education. The impact of annual MDA and health education programs was assessed in the hard-to-reach Marolambo district of eastern Madagascar, an area endemic for S. mansoni. Repeated cross-sectional studies undertaken 2015–2019 examined between 300 and 381 school-aged children (aged 5–14 years) annually. The prevalence and infection intensity of S. mansoni were assessed by urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipsticks and coproscopy using Kato–Katz (KK) methodologies. After four rounds of annual MDA, a reduction in S. mansoni prevalence was seen in CCA (93.9% in year 1–87.7% in year 5; P = 0.007) and KK (73.9% in year 1–59.4% in year 5; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of heavy-intensity infections roughly halved from 23.7% to 10.1% (P < 0.0001), and the mean intensity of infection fell by 55.0% (480.2–216.3 eggs per gram of feces). A malacological survey found Biomphalaria pfeifferi snail intermediate hosts in multiple water contact sites including rice paddies, streams, and Nosivolo River. Despite reductions in infection prevalence and intensity, schistosomiasis still poses a significant public health challenge in Marolambo district. Twice yearly MDA cycles and/or community-wide MDA are suggested to better reduce infections. Expanding health education, improving standards of water, sanitation and hygiene, and attention on snail-related control will also be important, especially in rice paddy irrigated areas. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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