Decibel attenuation of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) in blood and cortical bone determined experimentally and from the theory of ohmic losses
| Autor: | Boris Kligman, Ronald J. Midura, Mark D. Grabiner, Maciej Zborowski, Alan Wolfman, Thomas E. Patterson, Michael O. Ibiwoye |
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| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
Electromagnetic field
Materials science Biomedical Engineering Electric Stimulation Therapy In Vitro Techniques Radiation Dosage Models Biological Bone and Bones Search coil Optics Nuclear magnetic resonance Electromagnetic Fields Electric field Electric Impedance Animals Humans Scattering Radiation Computer Simulation Oscilloscope Radiometry business.industry Attenuation Blood Physiological Phenomena Electromagnetic coil Body Burden Cattle Coaxial business Relative Biological Effectiveness Voltage |
| Zdroj: | Annals of biomedical engineering. 34(6) |
| ISSN: | 0090-6964 |
| Popis: | We studied the PEMF power attenuation in tissues representative of clinical applications (blood and cortical bone) to determine the amount of power available for PEMF purported biological effects. The experimental system consisted of a pair of nearly circular, parallel and coaxial coils separated by a distance of one coil diameter. The power attenuation was measured using a small search coil connected to a digital oscilloscope. The coils were powered by a voltage switch operating at two different frequencies (3.8 and 63 kHz) producing bursts of pulses (numbering 21 and 1619) and triggered at two different frequencies (1.5 and 15 Hz, respectively). The tissue samples were placed inside the coils so as to expose them to either transverse electric field (at the center of coils) or the transverse magnetic field (at the coil wire). The cylindrical coil geometry yielded closed-form expressions for power attenuation based on magnetic diffusion equation and ohmic losses due to bulk tissue magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity. The measured power attenuation at these PEMF frequencies of not more than one decibel (1 dB) was well explained by the theory for the 3.8 kHz but less so for the 63 kHz frequency PEMF. The results provide important insights regarding physical mechanism of weak PEMF power dissipation in tissues. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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