The impact of force on the timing of bruises evaluated in a porcine model
| Autor: | Kristiane Barington, Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Muscle tissue
medicine.medical_specialty Forensic pathology Time Factors Neutrophils Swine 040301 veterinary sciences Contusions Muscle Fibers Skeletal Veterinary pathology Poison control Hemorrhage Pathology and Forensic Medicine 0403 veterinary science Necrosis 03 medical and health sciences Subcutaneous Tissue 0302 clinical medicine medicine Animals 030216 legal & forensic medicine Muscle Skeletal Forensic Pathology business.industry Macrophages 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences General Medicine Anatomy Immunohistochemistry Biomechanical Phenomena Surgery Bruise medicine.anatomical_structure Age estimation Blunt trauma Models Animal medicine.symptom business Law Subcutaneous tissue |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 40:61-66 |
| ISSN: | 1752-928X |
| Popis: | In animal models developed in order to estimate the age of bruises, focus has been on the changes over time and not considering the force used to inflict the trauma. In the present study, gross and histological changes in 2, 4, 6 and 8 h old bruises which were inflicted with a low, moderate and high force were compared. Twelve experimental pigs were randomly assigned to three groups of force (low, moderate and high force). All pigs were anesthetized, and on each animal four blunt traumas were inflicted on the back with the low, moderate or high force according to the groups. The pigs were kept in anesthesia for 2, 4, 6 or 8 h, after which they were euthanized, and skin and muscle tissues were sampled for histology. As control, two pigs were included. The gross appearance of bruises developed similarly until 0.5 h after infliction at which time the visibility of the bruises depended on the force. The infiltration of subcutaneous neutrophils depended on the time and force used which was confirmed by both manual evaluation and image analysis of immunostained skin sections. In the muscle tissue, the number of macrophages was found useful for age determination in bruises inflicted with the highest force. Therefore, when evaluating forensic cases of bruises in both human and veterinary pathology the impact of force and not only the timing should be taken into consideration. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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