Toad venom: A comprehensive review of chemical constituents, anticancer activities, and mechanisms
| Autor: | Xin Ren, Cheng-Mei Zhou, Fang-Jie Li, Jinghong Hu, Qian Liu, Yongqing Zhang |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Pharmaceutical Science
Antineoplastic Agents Apoptosis Bufadienolide Pharmacology Biology complex mixtures 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Neoplasms Drug Discovery medicine Autophagy Animals Humans Cinobufagin 010405 organic chemistry Bufalin Cancer Cell Cycle Checkpoints medicine.disease Arenobufagin In vitro 0104 chemical sciences 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry chemistry Drug Resistance Neoplasm Cancer cell Amphibian Venoms Growth inhibition |
| Zdroj: | Archiv der PharmazieREFERENCES. 354(7) |
| ISSN: | 1521-4184 |
| Popis: | Toad venom, a traditional natural medicine, has been used for hundreds of years in China for treating different diseases. Many studies have been performed to elucidate the cardiotonic and analgesic activities of toad venom. Until the last decade, an increasing number of studies have documented that toad venom is a source of lead compound(s) for the development of potential cancer treatment drugs. Research has shown that toad venom contains 96 types of bufadienolide monomers and 23 types of indole alkaloids, such as bufalin, cinobufagin, arenobufagin, and resibufogenin, which exhibit a wide range of anticancer activities in vitro and, in particular, in vivo for a range of cancers. The main antitumor mechanisms are likely to be apoptosis or/and autophagy induction, cell cycle arrest, cell metastasis suppression, reversal of drug resistance, or growth inhibition of cancer cells. This review summarizes the chemical constituents of toad venom, analyzing their anticancer activities and molecular mechanisms for cancer treatments. We also outline the importance of further studies regarding the material basis and anticancer mechanisms of toad venom. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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