Breast Milk CD4+T Cells Express High Levels of C Chemokine Receptor 5 and CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 and Are Preserved in HIV‐Infected Mothers Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
| Autor: | Denise J. Jamieson, Pooja Bansil, Salvatore T. Butera, Michael K. Lindsay, Ann Duerr, Chris C. Ibegbu, Yongxian Xu, Athena P. Kourtis, Regan N. Theiler |
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| Rok vydání: | 2007 |
| Předmět: |
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Receptors CXCR4 Receptors CCR5 HIV Infections CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Breast milk Biology CXCR4 Immunophenotyping Chemokine receptor Immune system Pregnancy Antiretroviral Therapy Highly Active Immunopathology Humans Immunology and Allergy CXC chemokine receptors Milk Human Infant Newborn virus diseases T lymphocyte Viral Load Flow Cytometry Virology Infectious Diseases Case-Control Studies Immunology HIV-1 Female Viral disease |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 195:965-972 |
| ISSN: | 1537-6613 0022-1899 |
| Popis: | Background. Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to the infant through breast-feeding is a major problem worldwide; however, the biological circumstances of such transmission remain unclear. Little characterization of breast milk CD4 + T lymphocytes has been done so far. Methods. We performed a detailed immunophenotypic analysis of T lymphocytes in the breast milk, compared with the blood, of HIV-uninfected (n = 9) and HIV-infected (n = 10) women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy, by use of multiparameter flow cytometry. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric comparisons were performed using SAS software (version 9.1; SAS Institute). Results. In uninfected women, 44%-78% of breast milk CD4 + T cells expressed the C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), whereas 26%-73% of cells coexpressed CCR5 and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). In contrast, only 7%-20% of peripheral blood CD4 + T cells expressed CCR5 and 1%-20% coexpressed CCR5 and CXCR4. The level of CCR5 expression in CD4 + T cells in breast milk was higher than in blood. In HIV-infected women, the high frequency of CD4 + CCR5 + T cells in breast milk was preserved. Conclusions. A majority of CD4 + T cells in breast milk express high levels of CCR5 and CXCR4. Unlike other mucosal immune sites, in which CD4 + CCR5 + T cells are rapidly eliminated by HIV, these cells are preserved in breast milk during HIV infection. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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