Sector coupling via hydrogen to lower the cost of energy system decarbonization
| Autor: | Guannan He, Clara F. Heuberger-Austin, Emre Gençer, Abhishek Bose, Dharik S. Mallapragada |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Flexibility (engineering)
General Economics (econ.GN) Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry Supply chain Systems and Control (eess.SY) Environmental economics Pollution Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control Energy storage FOS: Economics and business Electricity generation Variable renewable energy Nuclear Energy and Engineering Carbon price Optimization and Control (math.OC) Carbon capture and storage FOS: Mathematics FOS: Electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Environmental Chemistry Environmental science Electricity business Mathematics - Optimization and Control Economics - General Economics |
| DOI: | 10.48550/arxiv.2103.03442 |
| Popis: | There is growing interest in hydrogen (H$_2$) use for long-duration energy storage in a future electric grid dominated by variable renewable energy (VRE) resources. Modelling the role of H$_2$ as grid-scale energy storage, often referred as "power-to-gas-to-power (P2G2P)" overlooks the cost-sharing and emission benefits from using the deployed H$_2$ production and storage assets to also supply H$_2$ for decarbonizing other end-use sectors where direct electrification may be challenged. Here, we develop a generalized modelling framework for co-optimizing energy infrastructure investment and operation across power and transportation sectors and the supply chains of electricity and H$_2$, while accounting for spatio-temporal variations in energy demand and supply. Applying this sector-coupling framework to the U.S. Northeast under a range of technology cost and carbon price scenarios, we find a greater value of power-to-H$_2$ (P2G) versus P2G2P routes. P2G provides flexible demand response, while the extra cost and efficiency penalties of P2G2P routes make the solution less attractive for grid balancing. The effects of sector-coupling are significant, boosting VRE generation by 12-55% with both increased capacities and reduced curtailments and reducing the total system cost (or levelized costs of energy) by 6-14% under 96% decarbonization scenarios. Both the cost savings and emission reductions from sector coupling increase with H$_2$ demand for other end-uses, more than doubling for a 96% decarbonization scenario as H$_2$ demand quadraples. Moreover, we found that the deployment of carbon capture and storage is more cost-effective in the H$_2$ sector because of the lower cost and higher utilization rate. These findings highlight the importance of using an integrated multi-sector energy system framework with multiple energy vectors in planning energy system decarbonization pathways. Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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