What Drives Urbanisation in Modern Cambodia? Some Counter-Intuitive Findings
| Autor: | Siddharth Jain, Partha Gangopadhyay, Agung Suwandaru |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Distributed lag
Geography Planning and Development Population 0507 social and economic geography TJ807-830 urbanization Foreign direct investment Management Monitoring Policy and Law TD194-195 Renewable energy sources ARDL modelling Vietnam War NARDL modelling Urbanization 0502 economics and business Development economics Economics GE1-350 050207 economics education education.field_of_study Environmental effects of industries and plants Rural economy Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment 05 social sciences sustainability Environmental sciences Mass migration Sustainability Cambodia 050703 geography |
| Zdroj: | Sustainability Volume 12 Issue 24 Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 10253, p 10253 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/su122410253 |
| Popis: | The history of urbanisation in Cambodia is a fascinating case study. During 1965&ndash 1973, the Vietnam war triggered the mass migration of Cambodians to the urban centres as its rural economy was virtually annihilated by an unprecedented cascade of aerial bombardments. During the Pol Pot regime, 1975&ndash 1979, urban areas were hastily closed down by the Khmer Rouge militia that led to the phase of forced de-urbanisation. With the ouster of the Pol Pot regime, since 1993 a new wave of urbanisation has taken shape for Cambodia. Rising urban population in a few urban regions has triggered multidimensional problems in terms of housing, employment, infrastructure, crime rates and congestions. This paper investigates the significant drivers of urbanisation since 1994 in Cambodia. Despite severe limitations of the availability of relevant data, we have extrapolated the major long-term drivers of urbanization by using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) analysis and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models. Our main finding is that FDI flows have a significant short-run and long-run asymmetric effect on urbanisation. We conclude that an increase in FDI boosts the pull-factor behind rural&ndash urban migration. At the same time, a decrease in FDI impoverishes the economy and promotes the push-factor behind the rural&ndash urban migration. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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